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Civics 103: Charters That Form America’s Governments was written by a career City Manager that worked in and managed some of the largest Council-Manager Form of Government cities on both coasts of America. He also dealt with public officials that worked in other levels of government, such as our county, regional, state, and our federal government. The major headings in his book include: the Model City Government Charter, the Model County Government Charter, the Model Regional Government Charter, the Model State Government Charter, and our nation's Model Federal Government Charter. Various appendices are also included in this volume to help educate the reader. These include a glossary of terms, our nation's voting rights history, and resource directories for our states, as well as our country's national resource directories.
It should be remembered that government organizations, like their business counterparts, have distinct life cycles. During their lives, public organizations generally go through four phases: growth, stability, retrenchment, and revitalization. Different political and management strategies are needed to set the course and properly guide an organization through each phase of its development. Strategy is concerned with defining purposes and developing goals and plans for an organization’s future direction and growth. While some cities, particularly those in suburban areas with an expanding tax base, are in the growth or stability phase of their life cycle, many others have entered the retrenchment or revitalization phase of their development. Sound budget reduction strategies will assist public officials in this latter category as they debate and adopt policies that ultimately lead to the financial self-help and renewal necessary for the future.