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Surveys the process of getting citizens involved in city planning, including objectives, evaluation criteria, role of community organizations, and techniques such as public hearings and audio-visual programs. Primarily general information applicable to any city, with a few items specific to Detroit.
Surveys the process of getting citizens involved in city planning, including objectives, evaluation criteria, role of community organizations, and techniques such as public hearings and audio-visual programs. Primarily general information applicable to any city, with a few items specific to Detroit.
Citizen participation has become an important part of planning. It can empower and significantly influence the planning process as well as the project design. How effective has it been historically? Does it actually influence the decision making process? Has it ever, or even can citizen participation effectiveness be measured? It has been noted that citizen participation practice had increased over the last three decades and is now practical in the planning process. However, the constant debates over citizen participation and citizen control have not resulted in the ability to evaluate its effectiveness. Planning on the community level is the process of incorporating into the plan consideration of human needs, preferences and values attributable to each proposal before the decision making body. The determination of effective planning takes into account diverse perspectives and impacts allowing the decision makers the opportunity to find solutions and empower local citizens in the planning process. This thesis examines the roles of community residents, government staff, and community organizations in the Cherry Hill, a Baltimore neighborhood, on which measures of citizen participation are effective. Mainly, two meetings sponsored by the Baltimore Region Environmental Justice in Transportation Program (BREJT) and the Baltimore City Department of Planning (BCDP) with the community are examined. What measures effectiveness of citizen participation and how does these measures appear in the Cherry Hill case study? This thesis uses a model of public participation to analyze the case study showing participation in state transportation planning and city master plan development between local agencies and Cherry Hill. The model draws a correlation between citizen participation and its effectiveness to influence authorities' decision making in development of agency's policies. The results show that citizen participation differed significantly from those meetings held with the community and BREJT and the BCDP. Each meeting shows some form of participation ranging from "Therapy" to "Placation" to use labels describing activities according to the model.-- Abstract.
Includes entries for maps and atlases.
This book shows how and why strategic planning is working in cities around the country. It illustrates how this technique enables a city to plan its future proactively and shows how local governments use it to solve current problems and make sure they continue to reach their goals. Using seventeen case studies from a diverse mix of cities, it outlines the components of successful strategic planning, including program design, needs and capabilities assessment, implementation, and ongoing evaluation. In this book, you'll see how planners use strategic planning to synthesize population trends, economic conditions, business trends, strategies, and objectives. The authors emphasize that the planning process is not entirely theoretical; real world factors-like support from politicians-is crucial. This casebook includes discussion questions with each case. Also included is a chapter devoted solely to a strategic planning model. These features make the book valuable not only to planners on the job but also to students in planning and public administration.
Sherry Arnstein, writing in 1969 about citizen involvement in planning processes in the United States, described a “ladder of citizen participation” that showed participation ranging from low to high. Arnstein depicted the failings of typical participation processes at the time and characterized aspirations toward engagement that have now been elevated to core values in planning practice. But since that time, the political, economic, and social context has evolved greatly, and planners, organizers, and residents have been involved in planning and community development practice in ways previously unforeseen. Learning from Arnstein’s Ladder draws on contemporary theory, expertise, empirical analysis, and practical applications in what is now more commonly termed public engagement in planning to examine the enduring impacts of Arnstein’s work and the pervasive challenges that planners face in advancing meaningful public engagement. This book presents research from throughout the world, including Australia, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Portugal, Serbia, and the United States, among others, that utilizes, critiques, revises, and expands upon Arnstein’s aspirational vision. It is essential reading for educators and students of planning.