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Mine Closure :Iberoamerican Experiences
El sector de las industrias extractivas (IE) ocupa un lugar considerable en las economías de muchos países en desarrollo. Los economistas y los profesionales de las finanzas públicas que trabajan en estos países suelen enfrentarse a problemas que exigen un entendimiento profundo del sector, su economía, su buen gobierno y los desafíos en materia de políticas, así como a las consecuencias de la abundancia de recursos naturales para la gestión fiscal y de las finanzas públicas. El objetivo del estudio de tres volúmenes denominado Essentials for Economists and Public Finance Professionals, publicado en la serie de estudios realizados por el Banco Mundial, es presentar un panorama general conciso de los temas relacionados con las IE que estos profesionales probablemente deban encarar. En el primer volumen, "The Extractive Industries Sector", se ofrece una reseña general de las cuestiones fundamentales para la economía de las IE; se analizan los componentes principales del buen gobierno, las políticas y los marcos institucionales del sector, y se identifican las obligaciones de financiamiento del sector público relacionadas con las IE. El análisis de la economía de las IE abarca la valuación de los activos subterráneos, la interpretación económica del mineral y la estructura de los mercados de la energía y los minerales. En este volumen se determinan las responsabilidades de las entidades gubernamentales correspondientes y se describen las características de los marcos jurídicos y normativos del sector de las IE. Se analizan brevemente las funciones clave y específicas del sector, además de las estructuras financieras que sustentan las salvaguardas ambientales y sociales; la inversión de los ingresos públicos provenientes del petróleo, el gas o los minerales, así como la diversificación económica basada en las industrias extractivas. Los autores esperan que este volumen resulte de utilidad a los economistas y los profesionales de las finanzas públicas que trabajan en países ricos en recursos (incluidos los encargados de la toma de decisiones en ministerios de finanzas, organizaciones internacionales y otras entidades relevantes) para la comprensión y el análisis del sector de las IE.
Large amounts of development assistance in the form of infrastructure and social programs are annually made available to communities across Peru due the presence of extractive industry companies. These investments however do not always achieve the social development impact anticipated. As one company pointed out: our company has invested millions of dollars in social programs in our neighboring communities, however the indicators for child malnutrition and maternal health have seen no noticeable improvement . Communities base their support or rejection for extractive industry operations by weighing up the benefits against the risks; where the risk-benefit balance sheet does not look positive, conflict is likely. Companies, and the governments who benefit from their tax revenues, therefore work hard to reduce risks and increase benefits for communities: but this report confirms an overlooked aspect of the development outcomes: men are capturing more of the benefits and these are not necessarily reaching the wider family; whereas it is the women and children who experience more of the risks that arise from the presence of extractive industry projects. The impact on women could be significantly improved by taking simple steps with little additional effort or cost disaggregating data by sex, strengthening consultations with women, investigating issues of risk to women, improving women s access to benefits. Additionally this report challenges the development industry (those non-governmental organizations, community-based organizations, universities, research centers, think tanks, funders, foundations and training organizations for whom the development of theories and practices to alleviate poverty is a primary objective.) to work more closely with local government and companies, sharing its knowledge on thematic issues such as gender (and other areas such as Rights-Based Approaches or Community-Driven Development) and on programs (such as maternal health, bi-lingual education, or productive chain development) to achieve what the NGOs, civil society and local government have within their mandates to deliver, and what the EI sector seeks.
The Cheaper the Crook, the Gaudier the Patter: Forgotten Hipster Lines, Tough Guy Talk, and Jive Gems explores the rich vocabulary of gangsters, hipsters, jazz musicians, and military personnel of the 1930s and ’40s. Entries include definitions, etymology, and examples of usage. This delightful compendium celebrates the linguistic gems cut and polished during the Great Depression, World War I, and the postwar fifties—now forgotten or in danger of being forgotten.
For the last 20 years there has been a growing interest in the geosciences for topics related to geoheritage: geoconservation, geotourism and geoparks. Geoheritage: Assessment, Protection, and Management is the first and only reference book to cover these main topics as well as the relationship of geoheritage to other subjects such as landscapes, conservation, and tourism. The book also includes methodologies for assessment, mapping, and visualisation, along with case studies and colour images of some of the most important global geosites. This book is an essential resource for geoscientists, park and geopark managers, tourism and regional planning managers, as well as university students interested in geoheritage, geosites, geomorphosites, geoconservation, and geotourism. It also includes critical information on UNESCO's Global Geoparks, World Heritage and Biosphere Reserve sites, national parks and protected areas in general, land-use planning and nature conservation policies, and in the general contribution of geodiversity for sustainable development. - Winner of the 2019 AESE Award for Outstanding Publication - Written by a panel of 46 authors from 14 countries in all continents - Based on conceptual, methodological, and applied research carried out by academics and practitioners - Includes 160 colour images and maps of geoheritage sites - Features six case studies from sites in Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America
Esta obra propone que a partir de 1930 el algodón hizo una gran contribución al poblamiento del norte mexicano, favoreció la formación de mercados de trabajo y de tierras, propició la movilidad social, impulsó la urbanización y dio lugar a un optimismo desbordado entre las oligarquías norteñas. También da cuenta de que el episodio algodonero, mayoritariamente norteño, obedeció sobre todo a la conexión con el mercado mundial.