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In the 1980s, evangelical Protestantism emerged as a prominent new force in Canada. While political campaigns and sexual scandals among American evangelicals attracted attention north of the border as well, Canadian evangelicals were quietly establishing a network of individuals and institutions that reflected their distinctive concerns. While the United, Anglican, and Presbyterian churches continued to enjoy "mainline Protestant" status in Canadian culture, more Canadians who actually practiced Christianity in measurable ways could be counted among the evangelicals than among these dominant Protestant denominations. And while most Canadians -- including experts in religious studies -- continued to think of Canadian Christianity in traditional denominational terms, "evangelicalism" was coming into focus as a category essential to understanding this new pattern of allegiance and activity. - Introduction.
By examinng education, charity, community discipline, the relationship between clergy and congregations, and working-class religion, the contributors shift the field of religious history into the realm of the socio-cultural. This novel perspective reveals that the Christian churches remained dynamic and popular in English and French Canada, as well as among immigrants, well into the twentieth century.
The need for a third printing of Church and Sect in Canada reflects the continuing interest in this pioneer study of the development of religious organization in Canadian society. It is one of three studies by Professor Clark; the other two, The Social Development of Canada and Movements of Political Protest in Canada show how the opening up of new areas of development in Canadian society led to the growth of new forms of social organization challenging the position and authority of established forms. In the field of religious organization, it was the evangelical religious sect which mounted the opposition to the established church denominations. By examining religious developments in Canada from 1760 to 1914 Professor Clark demonstrates how every move on the part of established church groups to secure, by union and other means, a greater degree of order in religious organization was accompanied by the rise of new forms of religious organization in those areas of society undergoing rapid change. In face of developments in our society today this study gains particular significance. The strong influence of the functionalist school in sociology in the United States and Canada in the 1950s and early 1960s fitted the mood of a society caught up in economic prosperity and ready to accept the comfortable assumption that the troublous upheavals in economic, political, religious, and other forms of social organization experienced in earlier decades would never recur. As a historical sociologist, Professor Clark gives emphasis to the importance of viewing developments in historical perspective. His examination of the basis of protest in religious organization in Canadian society over a period of nearly two centuries helps us understand the basis of protest, whatever form it takes, in society today.
Those familiar with the uneven quality of existing biographies and autobiographies of modern American religious celebrities will be especially grateful for the critical comments and reliable information in this engaging volume. Choice Despite its pervasive influence, popular or non-official religion in twentieth-century America has been largely ignored by scholars. This book is the first biographical reference to be published on the subject. It examines the lives and careers of more than sixty notable individuals who have helped to shape popular religious sentiment in this century, including radio and television preachers, inspirational writers, gospel songwriter-performers, mass revivalists, and leaders of religious movements that cut across denominational lines. In his introduction, Lippy discusses the eclectic and individualistic character of popular religion, its impact on American attitudes and behavior, and critical approaches to interpreting and understanding it. Each essay offers a brief biography followed by a critical appraisal of the contribution of the subject and an assessment of relevant literature. Entries conclude with a selective bibliography. Cross-referencing and a comprehensive index are supplied. Combining the efforts of more than forty scholars, Lippy's book is the first to give us a clear picture of the many different kinds of people who have left their mark on popular religious consciousness in the twentieth century. A useful reference for American studies, American religious history, popular culture studies, and related areas, this volume will also be of interest to general readers.
In the early twentieth century, a new, American scripture appeared on the scene. It was the product of a school of theological thinking known as Dispensationalism, which offered a striking new way of reading the Bible, one that focused attention squarely on the end-times. That scripture, The Scofield Reference Bible, would become the ur-text of American apocalyptic evangelicalism. But while the Scofield took hold in the United States, the belief system from which it emerged, Dispensationalism, was not primarily a homegrown American phenomenon. In The Americanization of the Apocalypse: Creating America's Own Bible Donald Harman Akenson examines the creation and spread of Dispensationalism. The story is a transnational one: created in southern Ireland by evangelical Anglicans, who were terrified by the rise of Catholicism, then transferred to England, where it was expanded upon and next carried to British North America by "Brethren" missionaries and then subsequently embraced by American evangelicals. Akenson combines a respect for individual human agency with an equal recognition of the complex and persuasive ideational system that apocalyptic Dispensationalism presented. For believers, the system explained the world and its future. For the wider culture, the product of this rich evolution was a series of concepts that became part of the everyday vocabulary of American life: end-times, apocalypse, Second Coming, Rapture, and millennium. The Americanization of the Apocalypse is the first book to document, using direct archival evidence, the invention of the epochal Scofield Reference Bible, and thus the provenance of modern American evangelicalism.