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Chromium containing alloys such as ferritic or austenitic steels and nickel-base alloys generally show good oxidation and corrosion resistance as well as high strength, and have been widely used for components in chemical plant, power plant or aircrafts. However, it seems to be necessary to introduce a new technology for further application of these alloys. Nano-structured materials have recently drawn considerable attention, because these materials sometimes show very high strength without serious loss of ductility compared to the materials with deformed microstructure formed by usual processing, and also have large internal friction. This book discusses the composition, properties, electrodeposition, and the applications of chromium alloys. It also provides information on the production of nano-structured chromium-containing alloys.
Various alloying additions have been discovered which render unalloyed chromium much less susceptible to low-temperature embrittlement as well as to nitridation in air at elevated temperatures. These include additions of the Group IIIA metals, magnesia, and carbides based on the Groups IVA and VA metals. Of these additions, only the carbides contribute significantly to the hot strengthening of chromium. The combination of selected carbides and solid-solution-strengthening elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, and/or tantalum, has resulted in experimental alloys which retain useful strengths at temperatures through 1316 C (2400 F). These high strengths are achieved at some sacrifice in the low-temperature ductility of chromium. Also, despite the improvements afforded in the oxidation and nitridation resistance of chromium through alloying, no alloys are available which are capable of service in long-time exposures in air above 982 C (1800 F) without suffering some property degradation.
Discusses the metal chromium, what makes it valuable, how it is mined and refined, and some of its uses, including making alloys and pigments.