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Analytical Methods for Major and Modified Nucleosides - HPLC, GC, MS, NMR, UV and FT-IR
Based on presentations made at a workshop on Continuous Flow Fast Atom Bombardment held in Annapolis, Maryland, in November, 1989. Expanded and edited, the papers presented at the workshop form a compact volume reflecting recent advances in a number of key areas in the field of continuous flow fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Topics cover non-aqueous applications, biological process monitoring, trace analysis, and design and operational conditions.
The first book to offer a blueprint for overcoming the challenges to successfully quantifying biomarkers in living organisms The demand among scientists and clinicians for targeted quantitation experiments has experienced explosive growth in recent years. While there are a few books dedicated to bioanalysis and biomarkers in general, until now there were none devoted exclusively to addressing critical issues surrounding this area of intense research. Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS provides a detailed blueprint for quantifying biomarkers in biological systems. It uses numerous real-world cases to exemplify key concepts, all of which were carefully selected and presented so as to allow the concepts they embody to be easily expanded to future applications, including new biomarker development. Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS primarily focuses on the assay establishment for biomarker quantitation—a critical issue rarely treated in depth. It offers comprehensive coverage of three core areas of biomarker assay establishment: the relationship between the measured biomarkers and their intended usage; contemporary regulatory requirements for biomarker assays (a thorough understanding of which is essential to producing a successful and defendable submission); and the technical challenges of analyzing biomarkers produced inside a living organism or cell. Covers the theory of and applications for state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and chromatography and their applications in biomarker analysis Features real-life examples illustrating the challenges involved in target biomarker quantitation and the innovative approaches which have been used to overcome those challenges Addresses potential obstacles to obtain effective biomarker level and data interpretation, such as specificity establishment and sample collection Outlines a tiered approach and fit-for-purpose assay protocol for target biomarker quantitation Highlights the current state of the biomarker regulatory environment and protocol standards Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS is a valuable resource for bioanalytical scientists, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics scientists, clinical scientists, analytical chemists, and others for whom biomarker quantitation is an important tool of the trade. It also functions as an excellent text for graduate courses in pharmaceutical, biochemistry and chemistry.
This volume presents a comprehensive collection of cuttingedge methods for elucidating the function of new genes and altering gene expression. These readily reproducible techniques can be used either in transient and stable gene splicing applied to worms, flies, trypanosomes, mammals, and plants, or in studying RNA editing mechanisms in a wide range of organisms, including systems that involve the conversion of one base to another and insertion/deletion editing. Topics of interest include stable and transient RNA interference, gene silencing, RNA editing, bioinformatics, small noncoding RNAs, and RNomics. Special attention is given to methods for the identification and characterization of small RNAs involved in RNA interference or modification. Readily reproducible protocols for discovering new genes or altering gene expression.
Comprehensive Natural Products III, Third Edition, Seven Volume Set updates and complements the previous two editions, including recent advances in cofactor chemistry, structural diversity of natural products and secondary metabolites, enzymes and enzyme mechanisms and new bioinformatics tools. Natural products research is a dynamic discipline at the intersection of chemistry and biology concerned with isolation, identification, structure elucidation, and chemical characteristics of naturally occurring compounds such as pheromones, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and enzymes. This book reviews the accumulated efforts of chemical and biological research to understand living organisms and their distinctive effects on health and medicine and to stimulate new ideas among the established natural products community. Provides readers with an in-depth review of current natural products research and a critical insight into the future direction of the field Bridges the gap in knowledge by covering developments in the field since the second edition published in 2010 Split into 7 sections on key topics to allow students, researchers and professionals to find relevant information quickly and easily Ensures that the knowledge within is easily understood by and applicable to a large audience
Planar Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry focuses on a relatively new approach to chemical analysis in general, and to separation science in particular. It is the first book to systemically cover the theoretical background, techniques, instrumentation, and practical applications of planar chromatography-mass spectrometry as a hyphenated tool of analy
With the explosion of combinatorial solid-phase methods, access to information has become one of the main barriers facing a synthetic chemist who is contemplating a combinatorial approach to a medicinal chemistry problem. The Combinatorial Index is an answer to that problem. This compendium of methods from the primary literature provides quick and convenient access to reliable synthetic transformations as well as information on linkers and analytical methods. Each synthetic procedure is preceded by a section entitled"Points of Interest,"which highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the various studies. The index also covers the use of solution-based synthesis for the generation of molecular diversity. - Organized for rapid retrieval of published information on classes of synthetic transformations, linkers, and analytical methods - Serves as a laboratory manual for bench chemists - Includes a chapter on linkers to assist in choice of linking strategy - Discusses strengths and limitations of the various methods - Contains a structural index showing functional group transformations in solid-phase synthesis
This book provides an overview of methods and experimental protocols that are currently used to analyze the presence and abundance of non-canonical DNA nucleotides in different biological systems. Focusing particularly on the newly discovered and less studied DNA modifications that are enzymatically produced and are likely to play specific roles in various biological processes, the volume explores chromatography- and mass spectrometry-based techniques for the detection and quantification of DNA modifications, antibody-based approaches to study their spatial distribution in different cells and tissues, and methods to analyze their genomic distribution with the help of bioinformatics tools that interrogate the corresponding datasets. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and comprehensive, DNA Modifications: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to research scientists and PhD students in this rapidly developing discipline, and, thus, will ultimately contribute to deciphering the roles of non-canonical DNA nucleotides in different biological systems.
Palladium-Catalyzed Modification of Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Oligonucleotides describes the procedures and protocols related to the modification of nucleosides, nucleotides and oligonucleotides via Pd-mediated cross-coupling processes. The book highlights the growing area of nucleic acid modification and how Pd-mediated coupling reactions can assist this development. Users will find key synthetic protocols for these reactions in this latest volume in the Latest Trends in Palladium Chemistry series. As most of the research in the field of antiviral agents has centered on the use of modified nucleosides that have exhibited promising activity, this book provides an up-to-date reference for both professionals in industry and other interested parties. - Provides synthetic routes for useful nucleoside molecules, information otherwise found only through time-consuming literature searches - Covers metal-mediated and metal-catalyzed cross coupling processes of nucleosides and related compounds - Includes Suzuki-Miyaura, Stille and Sonogashira reactions, as well as C-H bond functionalization - Highlights the growing area of nucleic acid modification and how Pd-mediated coupling reactions can assist
Good methods must be reliable, well-tested, and honed to minimize the time and expense required to achieve the desired results. CPNC provides a continuously growing and evolving set of protocols that allows researchers to benefit from the experience of other researchers around the world. The core manual provides a comprehensive set of protocols that have been compiled, revised, and streamlined over the last 6 years. Quarterly updates provide new protocols in emerging areas of research as well as continued advances and new applications for fundamental methods. The book is designed to grow and change with the field of nucleic acid chemistry. Fundamental nucleoside chemistry methods include sugar-base condensation, phosphorylation, and nucleoside protection. Methods for oligonucleotide synthesis include H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches, solid-phase and solution-phase synthesis, large-scale synthesis, synthesis for modified and unmodified oligonucleotides, conjugation of oligonucleotides, synthesis without base protection, and synthesis on microarrays. More specialized synthetic methods include synthesis of biologically active nucleosides and prodrugs. Purification and characterization methods are detailed. Advanced methods include biophysical analysis, combinatorial methods, and nanotechnology. Each protocol includes rationale for choosing appropriate methods, step-by-step procedures, complete recipes, anticipated results, characterization data, and troubleshooting, as well as background and recommended reading. The level of procedural detail is far beyond that found in the research literature, and tips and comments from authors are geared towards ensuring reliable duplication in the laboratory.