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World Bank Technical Paper No. 367, Africa Region Series. This report is the second in a series of technical papers published by the World Bank on the Early Childhood Development (ECD) Initiative launched by the Bank's Africa Region. The review complements a previous paper, The Condition of Young Children in Sub-Saharan Africa, which outlined the shape and scale of children's survival needs and documented how in Africa children face greater challenges to healthy development than in any other region in the world. The present review explores ways of meeting these developmental challenges. It focuses on efforts that address the intersecting health, nutrition, and early education needs of children up to six years old in their institutional and socio-cultural environments. The paper also reviews current programs and policies across a set of 11 country experiences, including case studies from Angola, Kenya, Mauritius, and South Africa, revealing the policy and institutional conditions necessary for sustained impact of ECD efforts.
With China's eminent entry into the World Trade Organization, past speculations of China becoming a world economic power in the 21st century is a reality with which few would disagree. We are witnessing the awakening of many sleepy giants, such as the successful reformed state-owned as well as township and village enterprises. We are also witnessing the birth and growth of a significant private sector, along with ever-increasing foreign investments. In this development process, there is a critical need to document and theorize about the management process by firms in this changing and dynamic context. The Management of Enterprises in the People's Republic of China aims to contribute to the knowledge base of management within the Chinese context. The book begins with a mapping of research on management in PRC, and offers theoretical insights for cross-context, institutional, and behavioral studies. It then reports the results of fourteen empirical studies of management issues in the PRC firms. The issues studied include SOE transformation, globalization, governance, employment relationships, managerial networks, corporate culture and leadership. Also included are studies on the knowledge management process and management team characteristics of high technology firms. The methods of study include large-scale surveys, case studies, and interviews. The contributors are international experts in Chinese management research. Finally, we offer executive perspectives on several successful firms operating in China through interviews with their CEOs.
A realistic portrait of Chinese management today and how it has changed dramatically over the past ten years.
Institutional shareholder participation has long been considered as vital to good corporate governance yet its potential does not seem to have been realized. The recent banking crisis exposed the passivity of some institutional shareholders, many of whom appear to have chosen to sell their stakes in the banks rather than intervene or challenge the board when they realized the strategies followed by the banks were excessively risky. Institutional shareholders’ role to scrutinize and monitor the decisions of boards and executive management in the banking sector in the UK is considered by many to be a failure, resulting in the phenomenon of ‘ownerless corporations’, as described by Lord Myners. In China, despite the fast rising of institutional investment in the securities market, institutional shareholders have not yet played a contributory role in monitoring corporate managers in listed companies. Drawing on empirical evidence this book seeks to systematically analyses institutional shareholders’ incentives to activism to explain when and why shareholder activism will occur. The book puts forward a model which explains the factors that determine institutional shareholders’ propensity for activism. The model both elaborates the collective benefits of activism as a means of achieving managerial accountability asks whether and when shareholder activism is rational for any individual shareholder. The book then goes to on to apply these finding to both the UK and China in order to explain the varying levels of shareholder activism in each jurisdiction. The book is the first to take an in-depth look at institutional share-holder activism in China providing prescriptions to promote greater shareholder engagement and exploring the potential it holds for improving corporate governance in the region.
In today’s globalized and competitive business environment, companies increasingly look to restructuring, mergers & acquisitions and downsizing to survive, grow and maximize profits. However, when they are not managed in a socially responsible manner, restructurings may exert the negative impact on employees, shareholders, communities, and society as a whole. The book empirically explores the phenomena of corporate social responsibility (CSR), restructuring, and relationships with firms’ performance in China. It gives an insight into how Chinese firms respond to expectations of stakeholders by making social goals a part of their overall business operations. It also gives a fresh view of the new concept of socially responsible restructuring. For those seeking to promote socially responsible practices in restructuring, the book provides a unique and stimulating analysis and touchstone.
This is an open access book. 2023 3rd International Conference on Enterprise Management and Economic Development (ICEMED2023) will be held in Xi'an, China on May 12–14, 2023. Enterprise management is the general term for a series of functions such as organizing, planning, commanding, supervising and regulating the production and operation activities of enterprises. Relative to economic growth, economic development is the core concept of development economics. Economic development refers to the high-quality development of the economy, including quality and quantity, rather than merely the growth of quantity. Enterprise management covers economics, management, business management, financial management, human resource management and other aspects, and is a comprehensive interdisciplinary science that spans natural science, engineering science, technical science and humanities and social science. Enterprise management comes into being with the development of modern socialized mass production. The use of modern management means and methods to manage enterprises, ensure the survival and development of enterprises, and play a positive role in promoting economic development. ICEMED2023 will bring together experts and scholars from relevant fields to discuss the relationship between enterprise management and economic development. Reasonable enterprise management is an important way to promote the economic development of enterprises. Scientific and reasonable use of industrial and commercial enterprise management knowledge can reasonably carry out effective macro-control on the enterprise economy and ensure the stable progress and development of the enterprise economy.
After decades of declining profitability, China's industrial state-owned enterprises appear to be obsolete. This book utilizes extensive data and qualitative as well as quantitative analyses to examine the reasons for the decline in the profitability of these industrial state-owned enterprises, to determine their current profitability patterns across various dimensions, and to account for profitability gaps between these enterprises and those managed under other ownership forms. China's recent enterprise reform measures are also evaluated. A differentiated picture emerges that clarifies past developments and illuminates future prospects of the reform of industrial state-owned enterprises in China.
This book explores the relevance of management accounting research and practice for a range of broader, societal phenomena related to corporate governance and regulation, the creation and maintenance of markets and their concomitant social and political implications. It also explores the theoretical and methodological implications of pursuing a research agenda exploring such phenomena in greater detail. Containing a number of theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions by leading management accounting scholars, The Societal Relevance of Management Accounting seeks to advance novel research approaches that go beyond the traditional intra-organisational focus that has long dominated management accounting research. As such, it seeks to enhance the relevance of management accounting research for a broader range of stakeholders and interest groups in and around individual organisations. This book was originally published as a special issue of Accounting and Business Research.
This insightful book demonstrates how China has emerged as one of the world's largest privatizing countries within a decade. Since the 1980s, there has been a global wave of transfer of state assets to private hands. China is a relatively late participant in this worldwide trend, yet, in the last decade it has emerged as one of the largest privatizing countries. Shu-Yun Ma argues that China s privatization is not based on any grand blueprint; rather, it is privatization by groping for stones to cross the river , a well-known metaphor often attributed to Deng Xiaoping, meaning that the reform simply proceeds on a trial-and-error basis without being guided by any theory. With original case studies, including one on China s first industrial shareholding enterprise, this informative book, will be of great interest to the academic community, China observers and policymakers, as well as financial analysts.
This book explores the rationalities and functions of securities markets and takeover activities. Focusing on the Chinese experience of utilizing the securities market as an effective mechanism of corporate control, this volume analyses the future development of China's financial market in the era of economic globalization. Providing an overview of the historical development of the securities market and a literature review of the economic functions of stock markets, Securities Markets and Corporate Governance also examines the legal regimes governing securities markets and takeovers in some leading corporate economies including the US, Germany, Japan and the UK. This volume then focuses on the Chinese experience, proposing a model which balances internal corporate governance and external market control for China.