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The Best Pharmaceuticals for Children Act (BPCA) and the Pediatric Research Equity Act (PREA) were designed to encourage more pediatric studies of drugs used for children. The FDA asked the IOM to review aspects of pediatric studies and changes in product labeling that resulted from BPCA and PREA and their predecessor policies, as well as assess the incentives for pediatric studies of biologics and the extent to which biologics have been studied in children. The IOM committee concludes that these policies have helped provide clinicians who care for children with better information about the efficacy, safety, and appropriate prescribing of drugs. The IOM suggests that more can be done to increase knowledge about drugs used by children and thereby improve the clinical care, health, and well-being of the nation's children.
An indispensable guide to children’s medications that belongs on the bookshelf of every parent, grandparent, and teacher. Most parents have worried about the side effects and possible long-term consequences of administering a particular medication to their child. The medication may be available over-the-counter, like cough syrup, or it may be prescribed by a doctor, like an antibiotic. Parents want to know: Is the medication safe? Is it effective? Will it help my child? A pediatric pharmacist for nearly thirty years, Edward A. Bell has spent his career listening carefully to parents' concerns. In Children's Medicines, Bell draws on the latest scientific information, coupled with his experience in hospital and clinic settings, as a university professor, and as a parent, to answer questions about whether, when, and what medications to give to infants, children, and teenagers. Bell touches on practical issues of medication administration and explores areas of particular concern for parents. Inside the book, readers will find • information to help parents weigh the benefits and risks of medicines • an explanation of why some adult medications are not safe for children • descriptions of medicine for treating fever and common illnesses • practical tips on measuring, flavoring, and administering medicines • directions for giving medicine in the mouth, the nose, the ear, and the eye • advice for keeping children of any age safe around medications • facts about vaccinations: how they work, which ones are recommended, and their safety • a guide to the FDA's approval process for use of medicines by children • information about drug pricing, expiration dates, and storing medicine at home • a chapter on ADHD and the treatment of adolescent depression that takes into account the long-term side effects of antidepressants • details about the use of herbal and complementary therapies, including probiotics and vitamins • a discussion of over-the-counter cough/cold products • information on which websites to use for accurate medical and drug information Full of information helpful to parents, grandparents, and others who provide care for children, Children's Medicines is a reliable and insightful guide to how drugs for children of all ages are prescribed and used.
In A Parent's Guide to Children's Medicines, an experienced pediatric pharmacist answers questions about how to give safe and effective medications to children. Whether medicine is used to treat asthma or ear infections, medicine is often necessary and can be life saving—yet many parents worry about side effects and possible long-term consequences. This book tells parents how drugs for children are prescribed and used, and how to give these medications to children for the best results. Inside:• information to help parents weigh the benefits and risks of medicines • descriptions of medicine for treating fever, infection, and common illnesses• practical tips on measuring, flavoring, and administering liquid medicines• directions for giving medicine in the mouth, the nose, the ear, and the eye • advice for keeping children safe around medications • facts about vaccinations: how do they work, and are they safe?• answers to parents’ frequently asked questions -- Phil Brunell, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles
Children, Medicines, and Culture is a multicultural, multidisciplinary look at how children in nine European countries and the United States are socialized into medicine use. The team of authors, comprised of social and medical scientists, takes a sociocultural approach to understand why the use of medicines varies among western countries. Their premise is that beliefs, expectations, and behaviors about medicines are learned in childhood and are influenced by families and the wider culture. The authors interviewed children and their families and here discuss children's knowledge of medicines, their autonomy in medicine use, the attitudes of children and their parents about medicines, children as decisionmakers, medicines kept at home, treatment of childhood fever, and alternative therapies. The chapters in Children, Medicines, and Culture represent individual country reports and cross-national comparisons as the authors seek to understand how children are socialized into medicine use in the countries of Denmark, England, Finland, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, the former Yugoslavia, and the United States. For scholars in anthropology, social pharmacy, social sciences, community health educators, pediatricians, and medial staff, this unique exploration of children and medications supplies: cross-national comparisons of household medicines cross-national comparisons of the treatment of childhood fever from the child's and parent's perspective cross-national comparisons of children's views of the role and benefits of medicines in health and illness children's views of health and illness relative to causation, treatment, prevention, decisionmaking, and attitudes children's knowledge of medicines relative to source, efficacy, mechanism of action, dosage, and characteristics advantages and disadvantages to qualitative and quantitative methods and triangulation in crosscultural research For health policymakers, educators, and professionals, Children, Medicines, and Culture provides information on which to base and plan health information for children and families. For methodologists, it may be the first time when such a diverse group of scientists has worked together to obtain information in different countries. For others, Children, Medicines, and Culture is an entertaining look at how children and families deal with childhood illnesses in different countries, what kind of medicines families in different countries keep at home, and how children and their parents in different countries view the benefit of medicines and doctors in general.
This report presents the recommendations of the WHO Expert Committee responsible for updating the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. The first part contains a progress report on the new procedures for updating the Model List and the development of the WHO Essential Medicines Library. It continues with a section on changes made in revising the Model List followed by a review of some sections such as hypertensive medicines and fast track procedures for deleting items. Annexes include the 13th version of the Model List and items on the list sorted according to their 5-level Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification codes.
Winner of the 2018 Arthur J. Viseltear Award from the Medical Care Section of the American Public Health Association​ Children and Drug Safety traces the development, use, and marketing of drugs for children in the twentieth century, a history that sits at the interface of the state, business, health care providers, parents, and children. This book illuminates the historical dimension of a clinical and policy issue with great contemporary significance—many of the drugs administered to children today have never been tested for safety and efficacy in the pediatric population. Each chapter of Children and Drug Safety engages with major turning points in pediatric drug development; themes of children’s risk, rights, protection and the evolving context of childhood; child-rearing; and family life in ways freighted with nuances of race, class, and gender. Cynthia A. Connolly charts the numerous attempts by Congress, the Food and Drug Administration, the American Academy of Pediatrics, and leading pediatric pharmacologists, scientists, clinicians, and parents to address a situation that all found untenable. Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities. The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Children′s nurses must develop the crucial skills of correct medicines management and calculations in order to provide safe care to their patients. This book specifically supports pre-registration students in meeting the required competencies for medicines management needed to pass formal assessment and qualify as a children′s nurse. It is clearly structured around the NMC Essential Skills Clusters for medicines management, covering legal aspects, drugs calculations, administration, storage, record keeping, introductory pharmacology, patient communication and contextual issues in medication. The book is written in user-friendly language and uses patient scenarios to explain concepts and apply theory to practice.
Most medicines have never been adequately tested for safety and efficacy in pediatric populations and preterm, infants and children are particularly vulnerable to adverse drug reactions. Pediatric Drug Development: Concepts and Applications, Second Edition, addresses the unique challenges in conducting effective drug research and development in pediatric populations. This new edition covers the legal and ethical issues of consent and assent, the additional legal and safety protections for children, and the appropriate methods of surveillance and assessment for children of varying ages and maturity, particularly for patient reported outcomes. It includes new developments in biomarkers and surrogate endpoints, developmental pharmacology and other novel aspects of global pediatric drug development. It also encompasses the new regulatory initiatives across EU, US and ROW designed to encourage improved access to safe and effective medicines for children globally. From an international team of expert contributors Pediatric Drug Development: Concepts and Applications is the practical guide to all aspects of the research and development of safe and effective medicines for children.
This special guide profiles hundreds of the most commonly-prescribed brand name and generic medications for children, as well as commonly recommended over-the-counter preparations. Each profile includes common uses, side effects and interactions, and warnings for each drug.