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Child care has become a fact of life for many American families. At the core of current debates about welfare reform and school readiness, child care has moved to the center of discussion about federal policy for children and families. This workshop report addresses the factors affecting patterns of child care use among low-income families; the quality, safety, and continuity of child care and its effects on children's development; the role of child care in families' efforts to prepare for and maintain paid employment; and the structure and consequences of federal child care subsidies. Tables, graphs, and references.
This document contains a record of the oral and written testimony of witnesses at a Chicago (Illinois) Congressional hearing on the Job Opportunities and Basic Skills (JOBS) Training Program. Witnesses at the hearing included officials from various Illinois programs funded by the JOBS program, government officials, and unemployed persons. They testified that the high state match of funds and services works against the successful implementation of the JOBS program and the requirements of the Family Support Act of 1988 are burdensome. Witnesses noted that in times of recession, the states simply do not have enough money to set up the matches for federal funds. Witnesses also stated that the JOBS program's requirement that participants engage in 20 hours per week of education is unrealistic because most literacy programs or postsecondary programs require less than 20 hours of classroom work but presume home study time. The 20-hour rule works against participants improving their skills. Proposed changes in the JOBS legislation to lessen the amount of state money required and to make program requirements more flexible are included in these proceedings. (KC)
How we raise young children is one of today's most highly personalized and sharply politicized issues, in part because each of us can claim some level of "expertise." The debate has intensified as discoveries about our development-in the womb and in the first months and years-have reached the popular media. How can we use our burgeoning knowledge to assure the well-being of all young children, for their own sake as well as for the sake of our nation? Drawing from new findings, this book presents important conclusions about nature-versus-nurture, the impact of being born into a working family, the effect of politics on programs for children, the costs and benefits of intervention, and other issues. The committee issues a series of challenges to decision makers regarding the quality of child care, issues of racial and ethnic diversity, the integration of children's cognitive and emotional development, and more. Authoritative yet accessible, From Neurons to Neighborhoods presents the evidence about "brain wiring" and how kids learn to speak, think, and regulate their behavior. It examines the effect of the climate-family, child care, community-within which the child grows.
With more parents in the work force today than ever before, child day care has become an essential element of family life. In the mid-1990s, over 60 percent of employed mothers with children under the age of six worked full time; over 20 percent of mothers in the work force were their family's sole wage earner; and over one million single fathers had children under the age of 18. More than half of all children under age six have parents in the work force, and the mothers of 54 percent of these children are working. This vital compendium makes it clear that comprehensive child care services are not only important to economic well being, but are a vital part of the continuum of child welfare as such. The purpose of child day care is to supplement and enhance the care, attention to developmental needs, and the protection that children receive from their parents. Child Day Care is an effort to define a nurturing environment that cultivates the physical, emotional, intellectual, and social potential of the child as it helps all family members pursue their own individual and collective goals. The fifteen essays in Child Day Care encompass these and other vital matters. Chapters linking child day care and child welfare, child poverty, welfare reform and training, are presented because they are timely and critical if child day care is to remain a viable service to support and strengthen families in an era of high participation in the working force. The effectiveness of specifically designed day care programs for specialized populations and purposes is discussed in several chapters. In addition, several others examine current theories and innovations that may change the future of child day care services_not only in the United States, but worldwide. As the editors make clear, all too often the goals of child day care are high, but the quality of the actual services provided are not. This cutting-edge volume seeks to redress this situation. Among the contributors are such well known figures as Sheila Kammerman, Alfred J. Kahn, Martha G. Roditti, Marcia K. Meyers, Barbara Fink, Diane Trister Dodge, and Richard Fiene.
Presents a road map for improving child care in America.
Shirl is a single mother who urges her son's baby-sitter to swat him when he misbehaves. Helena went back to work to get off welfare, then quit to be with her small daughter. Kathy was making good money but got into cocaine and had to give up her two-year-old son during her rehabilitation. Pundits, politicians, and social critics have plenty to say about such women and their behavior. But in this book, for the first time, we hear what these women have to say for themselves. An eye-opening--and heart-rending--account from the front lines of poverty, Through My Own Eyes offers a firsthand look at how single mothers with the slimmest of resources manage from day to day. We witness their struggles to balance work and motherhood and watch as they negotiate a bewildering maze of child-care and social agencies. For three years the authors followed the lives of fourteen women from poor Boston neighborhoods, all of whom had young children and had been receiving welfare intermittently. We learn how these women keep their families on firm footing and try--frequently in vain--to gain ground. We hear how they find child-care and what they expect from it, as well as what the childcare providers have to say about serving low-income families. Holloway and Fuller view these lives in the context of family policy issues touching on the disintegration of inner cities, welfare reform, early childhood and pro-choice poverty programs.