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This book on ‘Chemistry and Technology of Natural and Synthetic Dyes and Pigments’ is a priority publication by IntechOpen publisher and it relates to sustainable approaches towards green chemical processing of textiles, specifically on dyeing with natural dyes and pigments as well as dyeing with eco-safe synthetic dyes and chemicals. This book includes the following chapters: an introductory editorial chapter on bio-mordants, bio-dyes and bio-finishes, a review of natural dyes and pigments and its application, pantone-like shade generation with natural colorants, colour-based natural dyes and pigments, printing with natural dyes and pigments, functional property and functional finishes with natural dyes and pigments, eco-safe synthetic dyes and chemicals, and a miscellaneous review on dyed textiles and clothing including natural dye-based herbal textiles.This new book is expected to be useful for dyers of the textile industry as well as to the future researchers in this field.
This latest volume in the series entitled Liquid Chromatography of Natural Pigments and Synthetic Dyes presents an overview of the latest developments in the field while critically evaluating this method of analysis and providing comparisons of the various liquid chromatographic separation techniques that are currently available. Natural pigments and synthetic dyes are extensively used in various fields of everyday life including food production, textile industry, paper production, agricultural practice and research and water science and technology. Besides their capacity for increasing the marketability of products, natural pigments have shown advantageous biological activity as antioxidants and anticancer agents. On the negative side, synthetic pigments have a significant impact on the environment and can cause adverse toxicological side effects. Both pigment classes exhibit considerable structural diversity. As the stability of the pigments against hydrolysis, oxidation and other environmental and technological conditions is markedly different, the exact determination of the pigment composition may help for the prediction of the shelf-life of products and the assessment of the influence of technological steps on the pigment fractions resulting in more consumer friend processing methods. Furthermore, the qualitative determination and identification of the pigments may contribute to the establishment of the provenance of the product. The unique separation capacity of liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques makes it a method of preference for the analysis of pigments in any complicated accompanying matrices.* an overview of the latest developments in the field* a critical evaluation of results from this form of analysis* a comparison of the various LC (liquid chromatographic) separation techniques* future trends in the LC analysis of pigments
In this book the authors go back to basics to describe the structural differences between dyes and pigments, their mechanisms of action, properties and applications. They set the scene by explaining the reasons behind these differences and show how dyes are predominately organic compounds that dissolve or react with substrates, whereas pigments are (predominantly) finely ground inorganic substances that are insoluble and therefore have a different mode of coloring. They also describe the role of functional groups and their effect on dyeing ability, contrasting this with the way in which pigments cause surface reflection (or light absorption) depending on their chemical and crystalline structure and relative particle size. The book explores the environmental impact of dyes in a section that covers the physical, chemical, toxicological, and ecological properties of dyes and how these are used to assess their effect on the environment and to estimate whether a given product presents a potential hazard. Lastly, it assesses how, in addition to their traditional uses in the textile, leather, paper, paint and varnish industries, dyes and pigments are indispensable in other fields such as microelectronics, medical diagnostics, and in information recording techniques.
This book provides an up-to-date insight into the chemistry behind the colour of the dyes and pigments that make our world so colourful. The impressive breadth of coverage starts with a dip into the history of colour science. Colour Chemistry then goes on to look at the structure and synthesis of the various dyes and pigments, along with their applications in the traditional areas of textiles, coatings and plastics, and also the ever-expanding range of "high-tech" applications. Also discussed are some of the environmental issues associated with the manufacture and use of colour. The broad and balanced coverage presented in this book makes it ideal for students and graduates. In addition, many specialists in industry or academia will also benefit from the overview of the subject that is provided.
Handbook of Natural Colorants Second Edition A detailed survey of a variety of natural colorants and their different applications including textiles, polymers, and cosmetics Colorants describe a wide range of materials such as dyes, pigments, inks, paint, or chemicals, which are used in small quantities but play an important role in many products such as textiles, polymers, food, and cosmetics. As the effects of climate change begin to be felt, there has been a shift in focus in the field to renewable resources and sustainability, and an interest in the replacement of oil-based products with greener substitutions. As the push to adopt natural resources grows, there have been significant developments in the research and application of natural colorants as a step in the transition to a bio-based economy. The second edition of Handbook of Natural Colorants provides a detailed introduction to natural colorants in a marriage of theory and practice, from seed of plant to consumer demand. Presenting a wide range of viewpoints, the book briefly discusses the history of coloration technology and the current position of natural colorants before highlighting detailed information on regional plant source availability, colorant production and properties, as well as analytical methods for isolation, identification, and toxicity aspects. It also presents key applications in technical use and consumer products, including the use of natural colorants in textiles, hair dyeing, printing, and packaging. Finally, the text considers environmental and economic aspects of natural colorants. Handbook of Natural Colorants is a useful reference for dyers, textile producers, and researchers in the evolving field of sustainable chemistry, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, and polymer sciences. Revised and updated content throughout to reflect developments in research and applications over the past decade New content on biotechnology in natural colorant production, natural colorants for mass coloration polymers, natural colorants in printing/packaging, and plant-based pigments Discusses strategies for scale-up, including consideration of energy, waste, and effluents For more information on the Wiley Series in Renewable Resources, visit www.wiley.com/go/rrs
Natural Dyes for Textiles: Sources, Chemistry and Applications is an in-depth guide to natural dyes, offering complete and practical coverage of the whole dyeing process from source selection to post-treatments. The book identifies plants with high dye content that are viable for commercial use, and provides valuable quantitative information regarding extraction and fastness properties, to aid dye selection. The book presents newer natural dyes in detail, according to their suitability for cotton fabrics, silk fabrics, and wool yarn, before describing the application of each dye. Extraction of plant parts for isolation of colorants, chromatographic techniques for separation, spectroscopic analysis of the isolated colorants, structure elucidation, biomordanting, pretreatments, and post-treatments, are also covered. Prepared by an expert author with many years of experience in researching and writing on natural textile dyes, this book is an important resource for academic researchers, post-graduate students, textile manufacturers, technicians, dye practitioners, and those involved in textile dye research and development. - Written by an expert author with many years of experience in researching and writing on natural textile dyes - Provides quantitative information about extraction and fastness properties that will be valuable to those involved in dye selection - Offers complete and practical coverage of the whole dyeing process from source selection to post-treatments
Dyes and pigments have been utilized since ancient times. They play an important role in everyday life and their use is interwoven with human culture. Even though numerous dyes and pigments have been synthesized to date, and a lot of knowledge has been gained regarding their production and properties, scientific research is pushing the boundaries towards novel dyes and pigments for high-tech applications. At the same time, the accumulation of dyes and pigments in natural environments and pollution of water resources due to their massive use are important consequences to consider. New methods for the degradation and removal of dyes and pigments from affected areas are highly sought after. As such, this book examines new trends in smart and functional dyes and pigments and their uses as well as novel treatment approaches to dye and pigment waste.
Natural dyes are dyes or colorants derived from plants, invertebrates, or minerals. The majority of natural dyes are vegetable dyes from plant sources. Dyeing is the process of imparting colors to a textile material. Different classes of dyes are used for different types of fiber and at different stages of the textile production process, from loose fibers through yarn and cloth to completed garments. There are technologies that manufacture the pigments for plastics, rubber and cosmetics. Therefore; dyes and pigments have a vast area of applications and have a huge demand in industry. Contrary to popular opinion, natural dyes are often neither safer nor more ecologically sound than synthetic dyes. They are less permanent, more difficult to apply, wash out more easily, and often involve the use of highly toxic mordant. Of course, the colour possibilities are far more limited; the color of any natural dye may be easily copied by mixing synthetic dyes, but many other colors are not easily obtained with natural dyes. However, some mordant are not very toxic, and the idea of natural dyestuffs is aesthetically pleasing. Applying natural dyes in your fabric production using enzymes will reduce your production cost and improve control. There are various kind of natural dyes; quinonoid dyes, cyanine dyes, azo dyes, biflvonyl dyes, omochromes, anthraquinone, coprosma gesus etc. The use of natural dyes in cloth making can be seen as a necessary luxury to trigger off a change in habits. Dyes which stand out for their beauty and ecological attributes would never be employed on just any material but on noble fabrics such as wool, silk, linen or cotton, made to last more than one season. Market value will benefit from consumer preferences for environmentally friendly products, which will support consumption of high performance dyes and organic pigments. This book basically deals with the use of carotenoids as food colours , bianthraquinones and related compounds, intermediate degradation products of biflavonyls, dyestuffs containing nuclear sulphonic and carboxylic acid groups, quinonoid dyes, cyanine dyes, optical whitening agents, natural dyes for food, stability of natural colourants in foods effect of additives, pyrimidine pigments, the total synthesis of the polyene pigments, red pigment from geniposidic acid and amino compound, effect of acid and amine on the formation of red pigment from geniposidic acid, effect of the substituted position of amino group and chain length of amino compound etc. Due to pollution problems in synthetic dyes and pigments industry, the whole world is shifting towards the manufacturing of natural dyes and pigments. The present book contains techniques of producing different natural dyes and pigments, which has huge demand in domestic as well as in foreign market. It is hoped that entrepreneurs, technocrats, existing units, institutional libraries will find this book very useful. 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This volume examines the chemistry of natural and synthetic dyes produced for non-textile markets, where much new basic research in color chemistry is now taking place.The first group of chapters covers the design, synthesis, properties and application technology pertaining to dyes for digital printing and photography. The reader will be pleased with the breadth and depth of information presented in each case. Of particular interest is the discussion of strategies for the design of dyes in these categories, with emphasis on enhancing technical properties. In view of certain new developments, the ink-jet chapter includes results from studies pertaining to dyes for textiles.The three chapters comprising Section II of this volume cover the broad subject of dyes for food, drug and cosmetic applications and then provide an in-depth look at dyes for biomedical applications and molecular recognition. The chapter on dyes for molecular recognition places emphasis on applications in the biological sciences, including sensory materials and artificial receptors. While the former two topics have been covered elsewhere in the past, the present chapters are unequalled in scope.Section III provides an in-depth review of the design of laser dyes and dye-based functional materials. In the first of the two chapters, the major principles of laser operation are summarized. This is followed by a discussion of spectroscopic properties, such as activation and deactivation of absorbed light by laser dyes. Approaches to the development of new laser dyes are presented. The second chapter pertains to the synthesis of dicyanopyrazine-based multifunctional dyes. The visible and fluorescence spectra of these dyes in solution and the solid state are correlated with their three-dimensional molecular structures. Molecular stacking behavior and solid state properties of these "multifunctional" dye materials are presented.The final group of chapters pertains to natural dyes and dyes for natural substrates. In recent years, the impression among certain consumers that "natural" is better/safer has generated much interest in the use of natural dyes rather than synthetics. This has led to a few short discussion papers in which the environmental advantages to using natural dyes have been questioned. The initial chapter in this group provides both a historical look at natural dyes and a comprehensive compilation of natural dye structures and their sources. Though natural dyes are of interest as colorants for textiles, selected ones are used primarily in food and cosmetics.Chapter ten provides an update on the author's previous reviews of structure-color-relationships among precursors employed in the coloration of hair. Chemical constitutions characterizing hair dye structures are presented, along with a summary of available precursors and their environmental properties. Similarly, the chapter on leather dyes covers constitutions and nomenclature, in addition to providing interesting perspectives on the origin and use of leather, the dyeing of leather, and key environmental issues.This volume is concluded with another look at colors in nature. In this case, rather than revisiting colors in plant life, an interesting chapter dealing with color in the absence of colorants is presented. Chapter twelve covers basic concepts of color science and illustrates how 3-D assemblies leading to a plethora of colors are handled in nature. It is our hope that this atypical "color chemistry" chapter will invoke ideas that lead to the design of useful colorants.The chapters presented in this volume demonstrate that color chemistry still has much to offer individuals with inquiring minds who are searching for a career path. This work highlights the creativity of today's color chemists and the wide variety of interesting non-textile areas from which a career can be launched.