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Biphasic Chemistry and The Solvent Case examines recent improvements in reaction conditions, in order to affirm the role of chemistry in the sustainable field. This book shows that those who work within the chemistry industry support limits for the use of toxic or flammable solvents, since it reduces the purifications to simple filtrations. Thanks to commercial scavengers, solid phase syntheses are now available to all. Fluorine biphasic catalysis enables extremely efficient catalyst recycling and has a high applicability potential at the industrial level. This book also reviews the many studies that have shown that water is a solvent of choice for most synthetic reactions. Particular traits can be obtained and the effects on thermodynamics make it possible to operate at lower temperatures, thereby achieving energy savings. Finally the great diversity of application of the reactions without solvents is illustrated.
Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition.
This book presents an authoritative progress report that will remain germane to the topic and prove to be a substantial inspiration to further progress. It is valuable to academic and industrial practitioners of the art and science of chemical reaction and reactor engineering.
The whole of Volume 22 is devoted to the kinetics and mechanisms of the decomposition and interaction of inorganic solids, extended to include metal carboxylates. After an introductory chapter on the characteristic features of reactions in the solid phase, experimental methods of investigation of solid reactions and the measurement of reaction rates are reviewed in Chapter 2 and the theory of solid state kinetics in Chapter 3. The reactions of single substances, loosely grouped on the basis of a common anion since it is this constituent which most frequently undergoes breakdown, are discussed in Chapter 4, the sequence being effectively that of increasing anion complexity. Chapter 5 covers reactions between solids, and includes catalytic processes where one solid component remains unchanged, double compound formation and rate processes involving the interactions of more than three crystalline phases. The final chapter summarises the general conclusions drawn in the text of Chapter 2-5.
This book provides you with a sound foundation for understanding abstract concepts (eg physical properties such as fugacity, etc or chemical processes, ie distillation, etc) of phase and reaction equilibria and shows you how to apply these concepts to solve practical problems using numerous and clear examples.
Filling a longstanding gap for graduate courses in the field, Chemical Reaction Engineering: Beyond the Fundamentals covers basic concepts as well as complexities of chemical reaction engineering, including novel techniques for process intensification. The book is divided into three parts: Fundamentals Revisited, Building on Fundamentals, and Beyon
In the new edition of this widely praised textbook, all the chapters have been revised and the authors have brought the work completely up to date by the addition of new material on numerous topics. In recent years, solid state chemistry has emerged as a very important element of mainstream chemistry and materials science. Students, teachers and researchers need to understand the chemistry of solids because of the crucial role this plays in determining the properties of materials. An understanding of solid state chemistry is also essential in materials design, and many fascinating relationships between the structure and properties of solids have been discovered by chemists. This text requires only an understanding of basic physics, chemistry and crystallography, and is enhanced with the most recent examples, case studies and references. It will be of value to advanced students and researchers studying solid state chemistry and materials science as a text and reference work.
The first English edition of this book was published in 2014. This book was originally intended for undergraduate and graduate students and had one major objective: teach the basic concepts of kinetics and reactor design. The main reason behind the book is the fact that students frequently have great difficulty to explain the basic phenomena that occur in practice. Therefore, basic concepts with examples and many exercises are presented in each topic, instead of specific projects of the industry. The main objective was to provoke students to observe kinetic phenomena and to think about them. Indeed, reactors cannot be designed and operated without knowledge of kinetics. Additionally, the empirical nature of kinetic studies is recognized in the present edition of the book. For this reason, analyses related to how experimental errors affect kinetic studies are performed and illustrated with actual data. Particularly, analytical and numerical solutions are derived to represent the uncertainties of reactant conversions in distinct scenarios and are used to analyze the quality of the obtained parameter estimates. Consequently, new topics that focus on the development of analytical and numerical procedures for more accurate description of experimental errors in reaction systems and of estimates of kinetic parameters have been included in this version of the book. Finally, kinetics requires knowledge that must be complemented and tested in the laboratory. Therefore, practical examples of reactions performed in bench and semi-pilot scales are discussed in the final chapter. This edition of the book has been organized in two parts. In the first part, a thorough discussion regarding reaction kinetics is presented. In the second part, basic equations are derived and used to represent the performances of batch and continuous ideal reactors, isothermal and non-isothermal reaction systems and homogeneous and heterogeneous reactor vessels, as illustrated with several examples and exercises. This textbook will be of great value to undergraduate and graduate students in chemical engineering as well as to graduate students in and researchers of kinetics and catalysis.
Kinetics of soil chemical reactions. Methods of obtaining and analyzin kinetic data. Relaxation methods for studying kinetics of soil chemical phenomena. Kinetics of ion sorptionon humic substances. Kinetics of sorption/desorption processes in soils. Modelling nonequilibrium reactions of inorganic solutes in soil columns. Sorption kinetics of organic chemicals: methods, models, and mechanisms.
The phenomenon of "mass transfer with chemical reaction" takes place whenever one phase is brought into contact with one or more other phases not in chemical equilibrium with it. This phenomenon has industrial, biological and physiological importance. In chemical process engineering, it is encountered in both separ ation processes and reaction engineering. In some cases, a chemical reaction may deliberately be employed for speeding up the rate of mass transfer and/or for increasing the capacity of the solvent; in other cases the multiphase reaction system is a part of the process with the specific aim of product formation. Finally, in some cases, for instance "distillation with chemical reaction", both objectives are involved. Although the subject is clearly a chemical engineering undertakin~, it requires often a good understanding of other subjects, such as chemistry and fluid mechanics etc., leading to publications in diversified areas. On the other har.d, the subject has always been a major field and one of the most fruitful for chemical engineers.