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Well balanced cultivated cells that are healthy and unstressed produce the optimum cellular yield. All stress studies for lipids production should be conducted with the established cell mass and not be administered during active cultivation. Cells cultivated continually in suboptimum conditions produce lower cellular yields and continuous cultivation in suboptimum media and environmental conditions produce lower than normal lipid levels. Lipid triggers are preceded by a burst of carbohydrate synthesis and storage.
The importance of copepods in aquaculture has long been recognized, especially in the larval rearing of many marine fishes. This timely publication provides a single source of information on copepod biology, culture methods and practical use in marine finfish hatcheries. Originating out of a workshop held on copepods by the Oceanic Institute in Hawaii, this proceedings includes review articles and papers presented by leading international experts in copepod biology and aquaculture. It is a seminal work that integrates the most up-to-date information on selecting copepod species, effects of algal species on reproduction, ways to increase production, the nutritional value of copepods, behavioral characteristics of copepods, potential use of copepod nauplii and eggs, and their application to larval rearing of various marine finfish species.
Recent Advances in Micro- and Macroalgal Processing A comprehensive review of algae as novel and sustainable sources of algal ingredients, their extraction and processing This comprehensive text offers an in-depth exploration of the research and issues surrounding the consumption, economics, composition, processing and health effects of algae. With contributions from an international team of experts, the book explores the application of conventional and emerging technologies for algal processing. The book includes recent developments such as drying and milling technologies along with advancements in sustainable greener techniques. The text also highlights individual groups of compounds including polysaccharides, proteins, polyphenols, carotenoids, lipids and fibres from algae. The authors provide insightful reviews of the traditional and more recent applications of algae/algal extracts in food, feed, pharmaceutical and cosmetics products. Offering a holistic view of the various applications, the book looks at the economic feasibility, market trends and considerations, and health hazards associated with algae for industrial applications. This important book: Provides a comprehensive overview of algal biomolecules and the role of emerging processing technologies Explores the potential biological and health benefits of algae and their applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetic products Includes a current review of algal bioactives and processing technologies for food and ingredient manufacturers Contains contributions from leading academic and industrial experts Written for food scientists, allied researchers and professional food technologists, Recent Advances in Micro- and Macroalgal Processing: Food and Health Perspectives offers a guide to the novel processing and extraction techniques for exploring and harnessing the immense potential of algae.
The production of chemicals from microalgae is becoming a significant area of biological research. Chemicals from Microalgae seeks to cover the various aspects that relate to the use of microalgae as a source of chemicals. The chapters discuss the occurrence and physiological role of these chemicals and concentrates on the methods aimed at enhancin
Handbook of Algal Biofuels: Aspects of Cultivation, Conversion and Biorefinery comprehensively covers the cultivation, harvesting, conversion, and utilization of microalgae and seaweeds for different kinds of biofuels. The book addresses four main topics in the algal biofuel value-chain. First, it explores algal diversity and composition, covering micro- and macroalgal diversity, classification, and composition, their cultivation, biotechnological applications, current use within industry for biofuels and value-added products, and their application in CO2 sequestration, wastewater treatment, and water desalination. Next, the book addresses algal biofuel production, presenting detailed guidelines and protocols for different production routes of biodiesel, biogas, bioethanol, biobutanol, biohydrogen, jet fuel, and thermochemical conversation methods. Then, the authors discuss integrated approaches for enhanced biofuel production. This includes updates on the recent advances, breakthroughs, and challenges of algal biomass utilization as a feedstock for alternative biofuels, process intensification techniques, life cycle analysis, and integrated approaches such as wastewater treatment with CO2 sequestration using cost-effective and eco-friendly techniques. In addition, different routes for waste recycling for enhanced biofuel production are discussed alongside economic analyses. Finally, this book presents case studies for algal biomass and biofuel production including BIQ algae house, Renewable Energy Laboratory project, Aquatic Species Program, and the current status of algal industry for biofuel production. Handbook of Algal Biofuels offers an all-in-one resource for researchers, graduate students, and industry professionals working in the areas of biofuels and phycology and will be of interest to engineers working in renewable energy, bioenergy, alternative fuels, biotechnology, and chemical engineering. Furthermore, this book includes structured foundational content on algae and algal biofuels for undergraduate and graduate students working in biology and life sciences. Provides complete coverage of the biofuel production process, from cultivation to biorefinery Includes a detailed discussion of process intensification, lifecycle analysis and biofuel byproducts Describes key aspects of algal diversity and composition, including their cultivation, harvesting and advantages over conventional biomass
This book covers the current states of microbial and related technologies that have been developed for the efficient production of chemicals, fuels and materials by integrating strain and enzyme development, fermentation processes, and downstream processes. The book also covers how microbes and microbial products can be employed to facilitate petroleum recovery. Global consequences of bio-based production of chemicals, fuels and materials are also discussed with insights.
Microalgae have potential to replace petroleum-based fuels due to their ability to accumulate high quantities of lipids that can be converted to biofuel. This dissertation describes investigations to stimulate lipid production in microalgae with chemical triggers, unravel algae lipid metabolism with metabolomics, understand and shift microalgae lipid metabolism to produce lipids with improved biofuel characteristics, monitor conversion of lipids to biodiesel using NMR spectroscopy, and increase sustainability of microalgae-based biofuels by remediating wastewater. Chapter one provides a review on chemical stimulants to increase microalgae lipid and biomass production with a perspective on engineering microbial communities for more robust and productive cultures. This chapter focuses on stimulants such as phytohormones and oxidative molecules. Natural endogenous chemical signaling pathways, inter- and intra-species signaling pathways, and engineering efforts to utilize signaling between symbiotic communities for biofuel and biotechnology applications are also discussed. Chapter two describes a phenotypic screen to identify modulators of marine microalgae lipid production scaling from microplates to 500-mL batch cultures. My contributions in the publication and patent focused specifically on the investigation of lipase inhibitors, composition of lipids from algae treated with chemical triggers, and an alternative lipid extraction method. Subsequent work discussed in this chapter includes following up on lead compounds, screening in other organisms, alternative assays for measuring lipid levels, and metabolomics and lipidomics studies. Molecules followed up on include protein synthesis inhibitors, kinase inhibitors, oxidative signaling molecules, plant hormones, and spirocycles synthesized by coworkers in the Franz laboratory. Chapter three addresses efforts to understand the mechanism of increased lipid accumulation in microalgae using metabolomics and lipidomics approaches. In collaboration with the Fiehn Lab at the UC Davis Genome Center, metabolites species of Eustigmatophyte Nannochloropsis salina and Bacillariophyte Phaeodactylum tricornutum under nitrogen deficiency stress growth were measured, annotated, analyzed, and visualized. Chapter four discusses microalgae lipid composition analysis by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. This chapter also describes the analysis of lipid composition under different environmental stimuli including: nitrogen deficient growth conditions, treatment with DMSO, treatment with sodium bicarbonate, treatment with exogenous carbon sources (e.g. glucose and glycerol), treatment with chemical stimulants such as EGCG and orlistat, and oxidative stress conditions. Chapter five describes real-time monitoring of conversion of triacylglycerols to fatty acid methyl esters using NMR spectroscopy for understanding reaction kinetics and improving catalysis. A portion of this work is published in Energy and Fuels.42 Subsequent work following the publication is also discussed here and includes investigations with TBD catalyst and different solvents, and transesterification with zinc and iodide. Chapter 6 discusses efforts to utilize crude sources of stimulants such as winery wastewater and green tea extracts for stimulating lipid and biomass production in microalgae N. salina, and N. oculata. Coupling wastewater remediation and biomass production may help improve the sustainability and commercialability of microalgae biofuel production.
Handbook of Microalgae: Biotechnology Advances offers complete coverage of marine microalgae, including biology, production techniques, biotechnological applications, economic perspectives of applications, and environmental effects of marine microalgae blooms. With contributions from world experts, Handbook of Microalgae: Biotechnology Advances focuses on microalgae from an organism perspective to offer a complete picture from evolution to biofuel. Focuses on a comprehensive approach from an organism point of view Contains full coverage of all aspects of microalgae from biology through biotechnological and biomedical applications Includes biological properties of commercial algal species Provides microalgae screening and identification methods, culturing methods and new aspects of processing