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For over a decade the Army has been carrying out a program aimed at the destruction of accumulated chemical weapons stored at several sites. While destruction by incineration has been successful, several incidentsâ€"called chemical eventsâ€"occurred during the disposal process or decontamination activities that raised some public concerns about the safety of operations of three third generation incineration facilities. As a result, the Congress asked the NRC to investigate whether the incidents provide information useful to help ensure safe operation of the future sites. This book presents an analysis of causes of and responses to past chemical events, implications of such events for ongoing and future demilitarization activities, and recommendations for preparing for future events.
Congress required DoD to destroy about 31,500 tons of highly toxic chemical agents by April 2007, the deadline set by an international treaty for the elimination of all chemical weapon stockpiles. The Office of the Secretary of Defense and the Army shared program responsibility. During July 2002, of the eight programmed chemical agent disposal program facilities, Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility was the only site operating. On July 15, 2002, at 8:20 a.m., two contractor maintenance workers entered the liquid incinerator primary room to perform non-routine maintenance. The portable GE agent monitor alarmed, and during a change of equipment the worker transferred contamination from his leather glove to his head, hair, and respirator. The exposed worker experienced miosis (reduction of eye pupil), red blood cell cholinesterase depression, disorientation, headaches, blurry vision, tightness in the chest, and a runny nose, all symptoms indicative of exposure to GE agent. This chemical event was the first reported significant exposure to a worker during the life of the program. The Army response to the chemical agent accident included separate investigations by the systems contractor and the Army.
This report reviews the status of the U.S. Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (CSDP) operations at Tooele, Utah, with respect to previous recommendations and observations made by the National Research Council (NRC) Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Chemical Stockpile Disposal Program (Stockpile Committee). The committee recognizes actions that have satisfied recommendations, identifies recommendations that require further action, and provides additional recommendations for improving the overall CSDP performance at the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (TOCDF), Tooele, Utah, and other sites.
In 1993, at Tooele Army Depot, Utah, the Army completed construction of the Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility (TOCDF), the first complete facility for destruction of lethal unitary chemical agents and munitions to be built in the continental United States. The TOCDF will employ the Army's baseline incineration system to destroy the depot's increment of the nation's aging unitary chemical stockpile. This book assesses Army changes and improvements to the TOCDF in response to recommendations contained in earlier reports of the committee. It assesses aspects of the facility's readiness for safe agent handling and destruction operations, its agent monitoring system, and its site specific risk assessment.