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With extensive coverage of synthesis techniques and applications, this text describes chemical biology techniques which have gained significant impetus during the last five years. It focuses on the methods for obtaining modified and native nucleic acids, and their biological applications. Topics covered include: chemical synthesis of modified RNA expansion of the genetic alphabet in nucleic acids by creating new base pairs chemical biology of DNA replication: probing DNA polymerase selectivity mechanisms with modified nucleotides nucleic-acid-templated chemistry chemical biology of peptide nucleic acids (PNA) the interactions of small molecules with DNA and RNA the architectural modules of folded RNAs genesis and biological applications of locked nucleic acid (LNA) small non-coding RNA in bacteria microRNA-guided gene silencing nucleic acids based therapies innate immune recognition of nucleic acid light-responsive nucleic acids for the spatiotemporal control of biological processes DNA methylation frameworks for programming RNA devices RNA as a catalyst: The Diels-Alderase-Ribozyme evolving an understanding of RNA function by in vitro approaches the chemical biology of aptamers: synthesis and applications nucleic acids as detection tools bacterial riboswitch discovery and analysis The Chemical Biology of Nucleic Acids is an essential compendium of the synthesis of nucleic acids and their biological applications for bioorganic chemists, chemical biologists, medicinal chemists, cell biologists, and molecular biologists.
Since the discovery of the DNA double helix in 1953, nucleic acids have formed the central theme of much of contemporary molecular science. Recent mastery of nucleic acids synthesis has been the key to the establishment of the biotechnology industry, and our improving knowledge of nucleic acid structures and interactions is considerably influencing the design of novel drugs. The first edition of this book responded to the pressing need for a single volume that integrated the chemistry and biology of the nucleic acids in an introductory yet authoritative text. This second and completely updated edition, which includes a new chapter on techniques applied to nucleic acids, sets the basics of the nucleic acids in the context of the expanding horizons set by modern structural biology, RNA enzymology, drug discovery and biotechnology.
The structure, function and reactions of nucleic acids are central to molecular biology and are crucial for the understanding of complex biological processes involved. Revised and updated Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology 3rd Edition discusses in detail, both the chemistry and biology of nucleic acids and brings RNA into parity with DNA. Written by leading experts, with extensive teaching experience, this new edition provides some updated and expanded coverage of nucleic acid chemistry, reactions and interactions with proteins and drugs. A brief history of the discovery of nucleic acids is followed by a molecularly based introduction to the structure and biological roles of DNA and RNA. Key chapters are devoted to the chemical synthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides, oligonucleotides and their analogues and to analytical techniques applied to nucleic acids. The text is supported by an extensive list of references, making it a definitive reference source. This authoritative book presents topics in an integrated manner and readable style. It is ideal for graduate and undergraduates students of chemistry and biochemistry, as well as new researchers to the field.
This is the first book to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of artificial nucleic acids. Covering a tremendous amount of literature on the chemistry, biology, and structure of artificial nucleic acids, it will constitute an invaluable source of information for the specialist and for young researchers interested in starting a career in this fascinating field of research alike. This book combines the contributions of many of the major players in this research field, and covers the synthesis of sugar-, base- and backbone-modified nucleic acids, their structural characteristics studied by X-ray crystallography, and NMR in solution as well as their chemical and biological properties.
A review of innovative tools for creative nucleic acid chemists that open the door to novel probes and therapeutic agents Nucleic acids continue to gain importance as novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. With contributions from noted scientists and scholars, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practical reference that includes a wide range of approaches for the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives. The book covers enzymatic (including chemo-enzymatic) methods, with a focus on the synthesis and incorporation of modified nucleosides. The authors also offer a review of innovative approaches for the non-enzymatic chemical synthesis of nucleic acids and their analogs and derivatives, highlighting especially challenging species. The book offers a concise review of the methods that prepare novel and heavily modified polynucleotides in sufficient amount and purity for most clinical and research applications. This important book: -Presents a timely and topical guide to the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives -Addresses the growing market for nucleotide-derived pharmaceuticals used as anti-infectives and chemotherapeutic agents, as well as fungicides and other agrochemicals. -Covers novel methods and the most recent trends in the field -Contains contributions from an international panel of noted scientistics Written for biochemists, medicinal chemists, natural products chemists, organic chemists, and biotechnologists, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practice-oriented guide that reviews innovative methods for the enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acid species.
Sequencing, cloning, transcription - these are but a few key techniques behind the current breathtaking advances in molecular biology and biochemistry. As these methods continuosly diversify, biochemists need a sound chemical understanding to keep the pace. Chemists beginning working in the molecular biology lab need an introduction to this field from their point of view. This book serves both: it describes most of the known chemical reactions of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids in sufficient detail to provide the desired background, and additionally, the fundamental relations between sequence, structure and functionality of nucleic acids are presented. The first edition of this book, which was published in Russian, has immediately become a recognized standard reference. This second, thoroughly revised and updated edition, now published in English, is likely to achieve a similar position in the international scientific community.
This volume contains 29 engrossing chapters contributed by worldwide, leading research groups in the field of chemical biology. Topics include pre-biology; the establishment of the genetic code; isomerization of RNA; damage of nucleobases in RNA; the dynamic structure of nucleic acids and their analogs in DNA replication, extra- and intra-cellular transport; molecular crowding by the use of ionic liquids; new technologies enabling the modification of gene expression via editing of therapeutic genes; the use of riboswitches; the modification of mRNA cap regions; new approaches to detect appropriately modified RNAs with EPR spectroscopy and the use of parallel and high-throughput techniques for the analysis of the structure and new functions of nucleic acids. This volume discusses how chemistry can add new frontiers to the field of nucleic acids in molecular medicine, biotechnology and nanotechnology and is not only an invaluable source of information to chemists, biochemists and life scientists but will also stimulate future research.
Providing a comprehensive account of the structures and physical chemistry properties of nucleic acids, with special emphasis on biological function, this text has been organized to meet the needs of those who have only a basic understanding of physical chemistry and molecular biology.
Good methods must be reliable, well-tested, and honed to minimize the time and expense required to achieve the desired results. CPNC provides a continuously growing and evolving set of protocols that allows researchers to benefit from the experience of other researchers around the world. The core manual provides a comprehensive set of protocols that have been compiled, revised, and streamlined over the last 6 years. Quarterly updates provide new protocols in emerging areas of research as well as continued advances and new applications for fundamental methods. The book is designed to grow and change with the field of nucleic acid chemistry. Fundamental nucleoside chemistry methods include sugar-base condensation, phosphorylation, and nucleoside protection. Methods for oligonucleotide synthesis include H-phosphonate and phosphoramidite approaches, solid-phase and solution-phase synthesis, large-scale synthesis, synthesis for modified and unmodified oligonucleotides, conjugation of oligonucleotides, synthesis without base protection, and synthesis on microarrays. More specialized synthetic methods include synthesis of biologically active nucleosides and prodrugs. Purification and characterization methods are detailed. Advanced methods include biophysical analysis, combinatorial methods, and nanotechnology. Each protocol includes rationale for choosing appropriate methods, step-by-step procedures, complete recipes, anticipated results, characterization data, and troubleshooting, as well as background and recommended reading. The level of procedural detail is far beyond that found in the research literature, and tips and comments from authors are geared towards ensuring reliable duplication in the laboratory.
This book offers a fresh perspective on how computational tools can aid the chemical biology research community and drive new research.