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Chemical and Biological Defense: Updated Intelligence, Clear Guidance, and Consistent Priorities Needed to Guide Investments in Collective Protection
As we and others have observed for several years, notwithstanding the emergence of adversaries that can use chemical and biological weapons, the fielding of collective protection equipment at both critical overseas fixed facilities and major expeditionary warfighting assets remains limited and inconsistent. Assessing the need and priority for such equipment is difficult because of the significant uncertainties in the intelligence about the nature of the chemical and biological threat. While the intelligence community recognizes the need to assess and communicate these uncertainties about the chemical warfare threat, this information has not been available to the agencies that need it. Specifically, the intelligence community, under the leadership of the Director of National Intelligence, has not been able to complete an up-to-date National Intelligence Estimate on chemical warfare in part due to changing assessment and communication policies, as well as issues surrounding the basis or evidence for the assessments. In our view, an updated chemical warfare National Intelligence Estimate is needed to provide a critical input and basis for decisions on investments in chemical warfare defenses, including collective protection. Uncertainty about the threat can lead to resources being invested in assets where they may not be needed. Conversely, not providing collective protection where it may be needed can place military personnel and operations at increased risk. In addition, allowing the current fragmented and disjointed framework for managing installation protection policies to continue without agreed-upon priorities for funding or clear requirements and service guidance on the appropriate use of collective protection, further increases the likelihood that limited DOD resources will be used inefficiently and ineffectively.
Although each main-set volume of Terrorism: 1st Series contains its own volume-specific index, this comprehensive Index places all the Index info from the last fifty main-set volumes into one index volume. Furthermore, the volume-specific indexes are only subject indexes, whereas five different indexes appear within this one comprehensive index: the subject index, an index organized according to the title of the document, an index based on the name of the document's author, an index correlated to the document's year, and a subject-by-year index. This one all-encompassing Index thus provides users with multiple ways to conduct research into four years' worth of Terrorism: 1st Series volumes.
"An extensive collection of significant documents covering all major and minor issues and events regarding terrorism. Government reports, executive orders, speeches, court proceedings, and position papers are presented in full text reprint." (Oceana Website)
A report to congressional committees regarding the DoD¿s progress in implementing GAO's recommendations over the last 7 years. During this period of time, GAO issued 637 reports to DoD that included 2,726 recommendations. By law, agencies, including DoD, are required to submit written statements explaining actions taken in response to recommendations that have been made. This report contains the results of an analysis on the implementation status of the 2,726 recommendations made to DoD in reports issued during FY 2001 through 2007. Includes examples of related financial accomplishments reported for the period, based on DoD-related work. Illustrations.
This is the second edition of this publication which focuses on the public health aspects of the possible deliberate use of biological or chemical agents. Issues discussed include: the key principles for public health planning, risk assessment, hazard identification and evaluation, risk management strategies, and response planning as part of existing national emergency plans, disease surveillance and early warning systems, the national and international legal framework, and international sources of assistance. Technical annexes cover a range of issues including chemical agents, toxins, biological agents, principles of protection, precautions against the sabotage of drinking water, food and other products, information resources and the affiliation of WHO Member States to the international treaties on biological and chemical weapons.