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This authoritative reevaluation of Charles' personal rule yields new insights into his character, reign, politics, religion, foreign policy and finance. In doing so, the book offers a vivid new perspective on the origins of the English Civil War.
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From as early as the middle of the 16th century Englishmen were interested in the possibility of exploring the fabled resources of the great river of the Amazons. During the first half of the 17th century English and Irish projectors made persistent efforts to maintain trading factories and plantation there. From at least 1612 to 1632 they inhabited settlements along the north channel of the estuary from Cabo do Norte to the Equator, making very considerable profits from tobacco, dyes and hardwoods. The profitability of their holdings was such that, when the Portuguese made the river too risky for foreign interlopers after 1630, former English and Irish planters sought to return there under licence of first the Spanish and then the Portuguese crown. The Irish may actually have been permitted to do so in the mid-1640s. Almost half a century has elapsed since J.A. Williamson and Aubrey Gwynne first published studies of these colonies. New material from English, Portuguese and Spanish archives has now made it possible to re-evaluate their significance. The Irish ventures, although begun in partnership with the English, can now be seen to have developed into a quite distinct initiative. They are probably the earliest example of independent Irish colonial projects in the New World. By the early 1620s the Irish were known for their experience of the river and their expertise in Indian languages, proving far more efficient in their approach to exploiting Amazonia than the English. The tenacity with which both groups, the English and the Irish, pursued their goal of settlement also forces us to re-assess assumptions about the seemingly 'inevitable' priority of North America for such activity in this period. The Amazon undertakings were in many ways more hopeful than contemporaneous enterprises in North America. They failed because their interests were sacrificed, at critical junctures, to the foreign policy priorities of the English crown, not because the Amazon was an unsuitable environment for northern Europeans.
This remarkable work is a comprehensive historiographical and bibliographical survey of the most important scholarly and printed materials about the naval and maritime history of England and Great Britain from the earliest times to 1815. More than 4,000 popular, standard and official histories, important articles in journals and periodicals, anthologies, conference, symposium and seminar papers, guides, documents and doctoral theses are covered so that the emphasis is the broadest possible. But the work is far, far more than a listing. The works are all evaluated, assessed and analysed and then integrated into an historical narrative that makes the book a hugely useful reference work for student, scholar, and enthusiast alike. It is divided into twenty-one chapters which cover resource centres, significant naval writers, pre-eminent and general histories, the chronological periods from Julius Caesar through the Vikings, Tudors and Stuarts to Nelson and Bligh, major naval personalities, warships, piracy, strategy and tactics, exploration, discovery and navigation, archaeology and even naval fiction. Quite simply, no-one with an interest and enthusiasm for naval history can afford to be without this book at their side.
This book is a major study in English of the duchy of Savoy during the period of the Thirty Years War. Rather than examining Savoy purely in terms of its military or geo-strategic role, Dynasty and Diplomacy in the Court of Savoy comprises three interwoven strands: the dynastic ambitions of the ruling House of Savoy, the family interests of an elite clan in ducal service, and the unique role played by one member of that clan, Abate Alessandro Scaglia (1592-1641), who emerged as one of Europe's most widely known diplomats. Scaglia, the focus of the book, affords insights not only into Savoyard court politics and diplomacy, but more generally into a diplomatic culture of seventeenth-century Europe. With his image fixed by a remarkable series of Van Dyck portraits, Scaglia is emblematic of an international network of princes, diplomats, courtiers and artists, at the point of contact between dynasticism, high politics and the arts.
The relationship between church and state, indeed between religion and politics, has been one of the most significant themes in early modern English history. While scores of specialized studies have greatly advanced scholars' understanding of particular aspects of this period, there is no general overview that takes into account current scholarship. This volume discharges that task. Solt seeks to provide the main contours of church-state connections in England from 1509 to 1640 through a selective narration of events interspersed with interpretive summaries. Since World War II, social and economic explanations have dominated the interpretation of events in Tudor and early Stuart England. While these explanations continue to be influential, religious and political explanations have once again come to the fore. Drawing extensively from both primary and secondary sources, Solt provides a scholarly synthesis that combines the findings of earlier research with the more recent emphasis on the impact of religion on political events and vice versa.
Hibbard begins by setting court Catholicism in the context of English court alignments on domestic and foreign policy. She then describes public reaction to royal policy and court Catholicism and the use parliamentary leaders made of anti-Catholicism from 1640 to 1642. In this first study to focus on both the perceptions and the reality of popish plotting," Hibbard concludes that behind the exaggerated claims lay genuine anxieties that historians should begin to take seriously." Originally published 1983. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.