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Characterization of fine particles is a difficult task! A large number of industries deal with materials in powder form. The properties of these powders depend on their particle size, particle shape and size distributions, surface and porosity. What are the methods? What are the problems? What questions need answering? This new book covers the problems of sampling both powders and aerosols, and discusses calibration standards for different instruments. It takes into account fractionating methods for fine particles, e.g., sieving procedures, sedimentation methods, and the use of cyclones. Image analysis and its use for the measurement of the size and shape of powder grains and light-diffraction techniques for size evaluation are presented. Furthermore, this books covers the most effective methods for measuring surface areas, fractal structures of rough surfaces, and pore structures of porous bodies. Practitioners will find tips for modification of analytical procedures for on-line characterization, and many graphs for comparing data obtained by different methods are presented.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) gives the highest priority to developing countermeasures against bioterrorism agents that are highly infective when dispersed in aerosol form. Developing drugs to prevent or treat illnesses caused by bioterrorism agents requires testing their effectiveness in animals since human clinical trials would be unethical. At the request of NIAID, the National Academies conducted a study to examine how such testing could be improved. Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aerosolized Bioterrorism Agents provides recommendations to researchers on selecting the kinds of animal models, aerosol generators, and bioterrorism agent doses that would produce conditions that most closely mimic the disease process in humans. It also urges researchers to fully document experimental parameters in the literature so that studies can be reproduced and compared. The book recommends that all unclassified data on bioterrorism agent studies-including unclassified, unpublished data from U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID)-be published in the open literature. The book also calls on the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to improve the process by which bioterrorism countermeasures are approved based on the results of animal studies.
This book is a compilation of most works published during 2000-2016 in the area of dry powder inhalers, especially related to the issues with formulation and device design. The dry powder inhalers aim to deliver the medication to the respiratory airways. It is suitable for postgraduate students and researchers who work in the areas of dry powder inhalers. It provides some background knowledge in size characterization, flow properties, forces, and interaction of air and particles. It also ends with in vitro quality control of dry powder inhalers. This book was finished in Hawaii where the author spent his time during April 2016. Thank you to Prince of Songkla University for the financial support. The author had to work very hard for one month without a holiday. Thank you to Professor Aran Pattanothai for overseeing this work to make sure that the researchers were on schedule all the time. Thanks to the authors staff at the Graduate School, Prince of Songkla University who had to work hard and be patient when the author was not in the office. Thanks to the authors wife and son who had to wait for him at home in Thailand. Thanks to Dr Tan Suwandecha and Dr Janwit Dechraksa for their great efforts in copy editing and compiling all the references. The author also thanks Dr Somchai Sawatdee and Dr Dhamodharan Bakkiyaraj for their comments, and Dr Padmavathi Alwar Ramanujam for her proofreading. The greatest help was from Professor Alan Coombes, Professor Pornanong Aramwit, and Dr Brian Hodgeson for their criticisms and comments to make this book readable.
The explores the cutting-edge technology of polymer coatings. It discusses fundamentals, fabrication strategies, characterization techniques, and allied applications in fields such as corrosion, food, pharmaceutical, biomedical systems and electronics. It also discusses a few new innovative self-healing, antimicrobial and superhydrophobic polymer coatings. Current industrial applications and possible potential activities are also discussed.
This unique reference provides the first systematic coverage available in a single-source volume on the application of materials science techniques to the pharmaceutical field-offering a comprehensive program for the physical characterization of raw materials, drug substances, and formulated products.
A comprehensive reference on the properties, selection, processing, and applications of the most widely used nonmetallic engineering materials. Section 1, General Information and Data, contains information applicable both to polymers and to ceramics and glasses. It includes an illustrated glossary, a collection of engineering tables and data, and a guide to materials selection. Sections 2 through 7 focus on polymeric materials--plastics, elastomers, polymer-matrix composites, adhesives, and sealants--with the information largely updated and expanded from the first three volumes of the Engineered Materials Handbook. Ceramics and glasses are covered in Sections 8 through 12, also with updated and expanded information. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Aerosol Measurement: Principles, Techniques, and Applications Third Edition is the most detailed treatment available of the latest aerosol measurement methods. Drawing on the know-how of numerous expert contributors; it provides a solid grasp of measurement fundamentals and practices a wide variety of aerosol applications. This new edition is updated to address new and developing applications of aerosol measurement, including applications in environmental health, atmospheric science, climate change, air pollution, public health, nanotechnology, particle and powder technology, pharmaceutical research and development, clean room technology (integrated circuit manufacture), and nuclear waste management.
A critical, up to date, tutorial review and discussion of the science and technology of nanostructured metallic and ceramic materials. The focus is on the synthesis and processing of nanoparticles, the assembly and stability of nanostructures, characterization and properties, and applications. There is a growing interest in the processing of nanoparticles into consolidated bulk materials and coatings. The metastability of nanoparticles may lead to undesirable grain growth during thermally assisted consolidation or other processing routes, and the retention of nanostructures in a processed part or component continues to attract a great deal of attention. Current activity is concentrating on the deposition of nanostructured coatings using established thermal spray technology and wet chemistry methods. Naturally existing or artificially synthesized templates with unique structures and morphologies have been used to fabricate nanostructured materials with the same structural and morphological characteristics as the templates. Recent advances in characterization techniques have provided information on the structure, the surface and bulk chemistry of nanoparticles, and the structures and chemistry of exposed and buried surfaces of coatings. Contributors are drawn from Canada, France, UK, USA, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.
Aerosol Processing of Materials offers a comprehensive look at advanced materials processing by aerosol methods. This self-contained volume examines in-depth what it takes to generate powders and films with specialized characteristics using gas-phase processes. In three main parts, it addresses particle formation by intraparticle reaction, particle formation by gas-to-particle conversion, and film formation. All aspects of these subjects are considered, from the basic principles and chemistry of aerosols to processing methods and the characterization of materials. The text incorporates an impressive array of examples involving materials such as metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides for application in pigments, ceramics superconductors, electronics, sensors, glass coatings, semiconductors, optical materials, and thick films.
A unique text providing comprehensive coverage of fundamental particle science, processing and technology. Including quantitative tools, real-world case studies and end-of-chapter problems, it is ideal for students in engineering and applied sciences, as well as for practitioners in a range of industries manufacturing particulate products.