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Industrial growth, energy consumption are seen as measures towards economic developments. With increase in industrial development worldwide, the demand of energy is continually on the rise. Today, the energy industry is facing many challenges. Nuclear fission and nuclear fusion are seen as important future energy sources. Development of innovative reactor designs with large efficiency for fuel burn up is one of the needs of fission reactors. The materials resistant to high dose of radiations in fusion reactors is another major challenge. The production of electricity without global warming is an important pressing demand on the energy sector. The demands on quality control of components for nuclear and heavy industry are very stringent. Development of well characterized, high quality materials is therefore essential for safe, efficient and reliable operation of engineering components. The diagnosis of failure of machinery parts comes from the post operational characterization of materials. Various destructive and non-destructive techniques are used for this purpose. Research reactors have played an important role in non-destructive characterization of materials and have contributed to technology development. This publication focuses on characterization of materials for industries in general and nuclear energy sector in particular. The main focus is on research reactor based techniques with some discussion on other allied methods like positron annihilation.--Publisher's description.
This report describes and assesses radiological characterization as a precursor to decommissioning. It shows the influence of the radioactive inventory on the planning and strategies of decommissioning and also presents an extensive overview of characterization results on various reactors which have been or are being decommissioned.
Operating at a high level of fuel efficiency, safety, proliferation-resistance, sustainability and cost, generation IV nuclear reactors promise enhanced features to an energy resource which is already seen as an outstanding source of reliable base load power. The performance and reliability of materials when subjected to the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors are essential areas of study, as key considerations for the successful development of generation IV reactors are suitable structural materials for both in-core and out-of-core applications. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors explores the current state-of-the art in these areas. Part One reviews the materials, requirements and challenges in generation IV systems. Part Two presents the core materials with chapters on irradiation resistant austenitic steels, ODS/FM steels and refractory metals amongst others. Part Three looks at out-of-core materials. Structural Materials for Generation IV Nuclear Reactors is an essential reference text for professional scientists, engineers and postgraduate researchers involved in the development of generation IV nuclear reactors. - Introduces the higher neutron doses and extremely corrosive higher temperature environments that will be found in generation IV nuclear reactors and implications for structural materials - Contains chapters on the key core and out-of-core materials, from steels to advanced micro-laminates - Written by an expert in that particular area
This publication is a comprehensive study that reviews the current situation in a great number of applications of research reactors. It revises the contents of IAEA TECDOC-1234, The Applications of Research Reactors, giving detailed updates on each field of research reactor uses worldwide. Reactors of all sizes and capabilities can benefit from the sharing of current practices and research enabled via this updated version, which describes the requirements for practicing methods as diverse as neutron activation analysis, education and training, neutron scattering and neutron imaging, silicon doping and radioisotope production, material/fuel irradiation and testing, and some others. Many underutilised research reactors can learn how to diversify their technical capabilities, staff and potential commercial partners and users seeking research reactor services and products. The content of the publication has also been strengthened in terms of current issues facing the vast majority of research reactors by including sections describing user and customer relations as well as strategic planning considerations.
Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
This publication presents the results of an IAEA coordinated research project (CRP). The benchmark analysis performed under this CRP covered steady state and transient conditions for research reactors across a range of designs, power levels, operating regimes and experimental facilities. The results obtained by the individual CRP participants are consolidated for each benchmark specification and conclusions are drawn on the specifications, modelling approaches and user effects, and computer codes used in the analysis. This publication supplements IAEA Technical Report Series No. 480, Research Reactor Benchmarking Database: Facility Specification and Experimental Data, which was developed within the same CRP. The publication is intended for use by operating organizations, researchers, regulatory bodies, designers and other interested parties involved in the safety, operation and utilization of research reactors. The individual country reports are available on the attached CD¬ROM.
This publication presents an overview of research reactor capabilities and capacities in the development of fuels and materials for innovative nuclear reactors, such as GenIV reactors. The compendium provides comprehensive information on the potential for materials and fuel testing research of 30 research reactors, both operational and in development. This information includes their power levels, mode of operation, current status, availability and historical overview of their utilization. A summary of these capabilities and capacities is presented in the overview tables of section 6. Papers providing a technical description of the research reactors, including their specific features for utilization are collected as profiles on a CD-ROM and represent an integral part of this publication. The publication is intended to foster wider access to information on existing research reactors with capacity for advanced material testing research and thus ensure their increased utilization in this particular domain. It is expected that it can also serve as a supporting tool for the establishment of regional and international networking through research reactor coalitions and IAEA designated international centres based on research reactors.
The small punch test (SPT) is useful to calculate changes in the tensile and fracture properties of structural materials during the service life of the materials of plant components. This book compiles advances in the development of correlations to calculate mechanical properties of the materials using SPT data. New correlations have been developed using hybrid methodology involving analytical and experimental data. The newly developed correlations have been tested conducting case studies on SPT and pre- cracked/ notched SPT (p- SPT) specimens. The eventual applications of all the new correlations have been demonstrated by conducting a real- life case study involving degradation of structural material from ductile to semi- brittle state due to aging. Features: • Presents exclusive material on the remnant life assessment of in- service materials using SPTs. • Assesses the fracture toughness of ductile materials using the experimentally measured biaxial fracture strain. • Provides new equations to calculate the yield and ultimate stresses of copper and titanium alloys using measured SPT data. • Explores functions to correlate the load- displacement data of p- SPT specimens with fracture properties. • Includes case studies with direct relevance to the degradation of plant materials. This book is aimed at researchers, professionals, and graduate students in materials science and engineering, mechanical property characterization and testing, and small- scale experimentation. It is expected that the advanced methodology presented in this book to evaluate changes in the properties of aged materials during the service life using SPT data are useful to designers for safety evaluation and also to calculate the remaining service life of industrial components for life extension studies.
Covers the mechanical, chemical, thermal, hydraulic, neutronic and irradiation considerations important to the safe design of a nuclear reactor core. The core features of commonly used reactor types including light and heavy water reactors, as well as gas cooled reactors, are addressed.