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In 2000, the Iowa Department of Natural Resources began using 10 0.4-ha and six 0.04-ha plastic-lined ponds at the Rathbun Fish Hatchery and Research Facility (Moravia, Iowa) to culture game fish that are subsequently stocked into public waters. During the first 3 years of use, inconsistent growth and survival of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were evident. Two separate studies were composed to better understand the culture of channel catfish in these ponds. The effects of stocking density was investigated in the 0.4-ha production ponds. In 2003, stocking densities were 75,000 and 112,000 fish/ha. No significant differences were seen in catfish production; although fish in the lower treatment were slightly larger. The only significant difference with regard to water quality was that the ponds stocked with 112,000 fish/ha had higher concentrations of total phosphorus. In 2004, the same ponds were stocked at rates of 38,000 and 75,000 fish/ha. The fish in the lower treatment exhibited significantly higher specific growth and normalized biomass. These fish were also significantly longer and heavier at harvest. Ponds stocked at a rate of 75,000 fish/ha had significantly higher concentrations of on ammonia, total phosphorus and chlorophyll a. In 2004, the six 0.04-ha plastic-lined ponds were used in conjunction with six 0.08-ha earthen ponds located at the Iowa State University Horticulture Station (Ames, Iowa), to assess the effects of dietary protein percent on the production of channel catfish. Plastic-lined ponds that received the 28% protein feed exhibited significantly higher levels of total phosphorus and turbidity. Earthen ponds that received the 36% protein feed displayed significantly higher concentrations of ammonia and chlorophyll a. Fish fed the 36% protein diet in the plastic-lined ponds had significantly higher relative weights (W[Subscript r]) then fish fed the 28% protein diet. There was a significant difference in harvest lengths and weights in the earthen, with the fish fed the 36% protein feed being longer. A stocking density between 38,000 and 75,000 fish/ha should be used to culture channel catfish fingerlings in plastic-lined ponds in Iowa, with fish being fed a feed that contains over 28% protein.
Proceedings of "16th All India Congress of Zoology and National Symposium or Recent Advances in Animal Research with Special Emphasis on Invertebrates" held at Hyderabad during 21st-23rd October, 2005.
The history of channel catfish farming in the United States serves as a model for the development of pond-based aquaculture industries worldwide. Channel catfish farming is the largest and economically most important aquaculture industry in the United States. In 2003, over 300,000 metric tons (662 million pounds) of channel catfish were processed, representing about half the total United States aquaculture production. Demand for farm-raised catfish is strong, with record processing years in 2002 and 2003. In 22 chapters written by active scientists in the field, Biology and Culture of Channel Catfish comprehensively synthesizes over 30 years of research on this American icon. Throughout the book, fundamental biological aspects of channel catfish are linked to practical culture techniques. Topics include: • Latest information on reproductive physiology, genetics, and breeding • Comprehensive treatment of catfish nutrition, feeds, and feeding practices • Water quality management and pond dynamics • In-depth review of immunology in channel catfish • Practical information on diseases and health management • Techniques for commercial culture, including innovative techniques such as raceways, recirculating systems, and partitioned aquaculture systems • Catfish economics and marketing • Exploration of environmental concerns, including recommended Best Management Practices
Intensive culture of catfish has not been developed as it has for trout and carp production. Even so, intensive catfish rearing ventures are yielding modest to sizeable secondary incomes in Southern and Central States where pond temperatures are 70 degrees F or higher at least 4 months during the year. In most cases, fingerlings are purchased from commercial breeders, because catfish propagation requires elaborate facilities and considerable time.
The commercial culture of channel catfish in the south eastern part of the United States has grown at such an amazing rate in the last decade that more research efforts have been introduced to meet the need for additional technology. Although some of this research has been summarized within particular disciplines, there is no comprehensive treatise available that provides an overall summary of the current information available on the culture of this fish. This book has been written to try and cater for this need. However although researchers and commercial catfish producers will find much practical information in it, it is not intended to be only a fish culture manual. The material presented deals primarily with culture as practiced in the south eastern United States, but the principles should apply wherever this species is cultured.
Ponds are a primary production system to a wide variety of freshwater fish species. Each species have specific and unique nutrient needs and successful pond fertilization is critical to a successful aquaculture enterprise. Aquaculture Pond Fertilization: Impacts of Nutrient Input on Production provides state-of-the-art information for successful fertilization strategies for a broad range of pond-raised species. Aquaculture Pond Fertilization attempts to rectify the seemingly contradictory nutrient recommendations by clearly defining the goals of specific types of aquaculture. Chapters are divided into three sections: The first reviews basic concepts in fertilization applicable to all pond-based production. The second looks at specific nutrient management approaches. The third and final section of chapters looks specifically at key freshwater pond species ranging from tilapia to perch and discusses specific fertilization needs for the successful rearing of these in-demand fish. Looking across species with chapters contributed by leaders in the field Aquaculture Pond Fertilization provides succinct single-volume coverage of an oft-neglected, but vitally important topic in aquaculture production.