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"defalt#1 Held in June 1994 under the auspices of the Special Research Programme at Bayreuth, `Identity in Africa', the symposium looked at many of the challenges facing rural Tanzania at the beginning of the 1990s. The contributors came from different disciplines - agriculture, law, geography, political science, and included academicians as well as development practitioners and examined the problems posed by structural adjustment, changing attitudes towards land and the deteriorationg position of pastoralists and agropastoralists. The collection presents a synopsis of the current debate about the future of rural Tanzania where economic, social, ethnic, political and legal themes are intricately intertwined. defneu#1#1 The present volume contains the papers presented at a symposium held in June 1994 which examined the challenges which rural Tanzania faced in the early 1990s. The symposium was held unter the auspices of the Special Research Programme ""Identity in Africa"" of the University of Bayreuth. The contributors included academicians as well as development practitioners who came from different disciplines - agriculture, law, geography, and political science. They examined problems arising from structural adjustment, changing attitudes to land, and from the deteriorating situation of the pastorialists and agropastoralists. The papers presented in this volume thus constitute a contribution to the current debate about the future of rural Tanzania in which economic, social, ethnic, political, and legal themes are intricately interwined. Doris Schmied teaches human geography at the University of Bayreuth, Germany. "
Based on new evidence from in-depth field surveys, this book addresses the unique situation of countries that remain deeply engaged in agriculture, and proposes a set of policy orientations which could facilitate the process of rural change.
Are women's fragile land rights in Africa being eroded in a period of privatisation and land reforms sponsored by the World Bank? Changing global employment and trade patters and the HIV/AIDS epidemic has affected women in particular. A complexity is that women's and men's interests within households are both joint and separate, yet many land reform programmes are based on the notion of a unitary household in which resources benefit the whole family. Today new land market opportunities also tend to put women at a disadvantage, just as they were under colonialism. Women's secondary rights to land are being extinguished. The detailed, local level research in this volume not only challenges the status quo, but demonstrates that another world is possible and documents the many ways women in Eastern Africa are finding to ensure their rights to land.
1. SAP and the problamatic of rural ethnicity
Within the field of management of natural resources, this book focuses on the various approaches of policy formulation and implementation. The question central to this book is how to co-operate with people, the various categories of residents as well as non-residents, in the rural areas: in a top-down, a participatory or a contractual (co-management) way. On the basis of a comparative analysis of 12 case studies in the book, these three approaches are thoroughly discussed and their internal and external constraints examined. The book starts with an editorial chapter, discussing the recent administrative and political developments in Africa as well as the new opportunities, which they offer for policies in the field of environment, and development. The question is brought up whether the recent processes of decentralization, democratization, and empowerment of local organizations have indeed created new opportunities or that they have only superficially changed the political culture of the countries concerned. In the concluding chapter of the book, the approaches are contrasted to each other as logical models, each with its own potentiality and limitations. Conclusions are formulated why the top down approach must result in improvization to escape from failure, and why the participatory approach risks to end up into a mixed balance. Special attention is given to the conditions and the prospects for the contractual or co-management approach, which has been introduced into Africa only recently. Under certain conditions, this approach seems rather promising.
Anchored in an empirically-grounded anthropology, this book explores the notion of governance in a non-normative way. It describes and analyses the institutional and political processes through which social actors and groups - be they state, private or 'third-sector' - contribute to the provision of public and collective goods or services. The book draws on case studies from Anglophone and Francophone Africa, crossing anthropological traditions that have too often evolved in parallel directions and dealing with a range of topics such as health, water supply, sanitation and waste management, security, humanitarian aid, land issues and decentralisation. Beyond African boundaries, it contributes to current debates about governmentality, public policy, subject making, public/private boundaries, and the role of the state.
This book contributes to the understanding of smallholder agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa through addressing the dynamics of intensification and diversification within and outside agriculture in contexts where women have much poorer access to agrarian resources than men
Be it the vitality of African popular culture, the vitality of religious ideas or the vitality of artistic forms of expressions - invoking the notion of vitality has become a common practice in Africanist discourses. Most often, the purpose of invoking this notion is to emphasize the unexpected and astonishing power and strength of certain cultural fields in Africa. But what is really meant with the notion of local vitality beyond its metaphorical usage, beyond the underrated and unforeseen? The present volume brings together a number of essays exploring the answers to these questions from different perspectives and disciplines. Based upon an international conference on Local Vitality and the Globalization of the Local organized by the Humanities Collaborative Research Centre at the University of Bayreuth, Germany, the contributions discuss the various dimensions of vitality in the context of debates about identity and self-assertion, locality and appropriation, and rivalry and resista
This book investigates the effects of the 1999 Tanzanian land legislation on customary land tenure, particularly that of pastoralists. It is an original, empirical and theoretical critical study of the laws and their implementation in securing land tenure of customary landholders in the face of the changing social-political structures, and as such constitutes a contribution to the current debate about the future of customary landholders in the reformed Tanzanian economy. Among issues that receive particular attention in this study are: the development of pastoral land tenure, the main features of the new land laws, introduced land schemes for pastoralists, land dispute mechanisms, the certification of village lands, investments on village land, the inclusion of unused or unoccupied village lands into the category of general land, women's land rights and villager participation in the administration and management of village lands.