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Most travellers to Vietnam will, at some point, visit a Cham tower or view some Cham artefacts in a museum. These were left behind by the Cham people of the now-vanished kingdom of Champa. They are unique, exquisite and mythical. The people who built and carved these beautiful works once inhabited central Vietnam and the northern part of the south, which stretches over 1,000 kilometres from north to south. Today, with a population of less than 200,000, the Chams live primarily in Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận and other provinces in the Mekong Delta. Champa’s history is broadly divided into three eras: the First Era (5th to 10th centuries), the Second (10th to 15th centuries) and the Third (15th to 19th centuries). This book deals with the First Era, including the three great Houses of Gaṅgārāja, Vicitrasagara and Ujora at three locations. The first house is associated with Simhapura, modern Trà Kiệu in Quảng Nam province. The second house is connected with Virapura and Po Nagar in Panduranga and Kauthara, present-day Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận and Khánh Hòa provinces. The third house is linked with Indrapura, Đồng Dương Monastery in Quảng Nam province. The book also presents an overview of Champa, a description of the Cham tower and maps of Cham ruins in Quảng Bình, Quảng Trị and Thừa Thiên-Huế provinces. To collect materials for this volume, the author visited most of the sites mentioned in the book and referred to Cham inscriptions, Chinese and Vietnamese historical works. Dr. Anne-Valérie Schweyer, the Research Director at CNRS (The French National Centre for Scientific Research), an epigraphist and a world-leading scholar in Champa studies, commented and wrote the foreword for the book. She concludes, “Through his travels, Tan Pham unravels the history and art of the Cham kingdoms from the time of their creation to their apogee, while at the same time making their present-day presence visible. It is a great pleasure to follow in his footsteps, which lead to a better understanding of a glorious part of Việt Nam's history.” This book is Volume 3B of the book series, A Traveller’s Story of Vietnam’s Past; it continues where Volume II, One Thousand Years - The Stories of Giao Châu, the Kingdoms of Linyi, Funan and Zhenla, ends. The book has 384 pages and contains 235 figures and illustrations. A shortened Table of Contents is shown below. Chapter 1 – A summary of this book Chapter 2 – A general overview of Champa 2.1 - The land and its people 2.2 - A trip to the past 2.3 - Champa and Đại Việt (10th to 15th centuries) 2.4 - Champa and the Khmer Empire (10th to 15th centuries) 2.5 - The religions of Champa 2.6 - A tour of Champa Chapter 3 – The towers of Champa 3.1 - The design of a Cham tower 3.2 - The bricks and the resin adhesive 3.3 - Champa deities and icons Chapter 4 – Panduranga – Land of the gods and vineyards, the House of Vicitrasagara – Champa (8th to 9th centuries) Chapter 5 – Po Nagar (Mother of the Land) Temple Chapter 6 – Indrapura, the House of Uroja – Champa (9th to 10th centuries) Chapter 7 – Indrapura and Buddhist Monasteries 7.1 - Indrapura and Buddhism 7.2 - The Đồng Dương Buddhist Monastery Chapter 8 – The Cham ruins and artefacts of Quảng Bình province Chapter 9 – The Cham ruins and artefacts of Quảng Trị province Chapter 10 – The Cham ruins and artefacts of Thừa Thiên-Huế province Chapter 11 – Conclusion Appendix 1 – Wuli, Chiêm Động, Ulik and other names of places in Champa Biography
The Cham people once inhabited and ruled over a large stretch of what is now the central Vietnamese coast. Written by specialists in history, archaeology, anthropology, art history, and linguistics, these essays reassess the ways that the Cham have been studied.
A fresh and exciting exploration of Southeast Asian history from the 5th to 9th century, seen through the lens of the region's sculpture
This catalogue assembles sumptuous photographs of the world's leading collection of Cham sculpture, along with the most recent insights of Vietnamese and international scholars. The Champa culture thrived in magnificent temples, sculpture, dance and music along the central and southern coast of today's Vietnam from the 5th to the 15th centuries. A focused exploration here uncovers this brilliant yet almost lost culture to newcomers as well as experts. To mark its centenary, the Da Nang Museum of Cham Sculpture has been expanded and refurbished to appropriately house the world's leading collection of Cham art. The museum staff, supported by the Southeast Asia art programme of the School of Oriental and African Studies (SoaS), London University, funded by the Alphawood Foundation, worked in concert with researchers from around the world to present these masterpieces.
In the 5th century, the Champa kingdom held sway over a large area of today’s Vietnam. Several magnificent structures still testify to their former presence in the Nha Trang region. Cham sculpture was worked in a variety of materials, principally sandstone, but also gold, silver and bronze. It was primarily used to illustrate themes from Indian mythology. The kingdom was gradually eroded during the 15th century by the inexorable descent of the people towards the south (“Nam Tiên”) from their original base in the Red River region. The author explores, describes, and comments on the various styles of Cham sculpture, drawing on a rich and, as yet, largely unpublished iconographic vein.
The first report in this book offers an overview of Cham art with sixty-five photographs and an introductory text by the eminent French archaeologist Henri Parmentier. Originally published in 1922, this book remains one of the best introductions to the treasures preserved in the Tourane Museum in Danang. It features splendid photographs of Cham art discovered in the main areas of this long lost culture-Mi Son, Dong Duong, Khuong My, and Tra Kieu. The development of Cham art is sketched against the background of Annamese migration pushing the Cham people and their kingdom ever further south. The second part consists of two research reports. The first one by Paul Mus summarizes what is known about the religious practices of the Cham people and is based on artifacts and translated inscriptions. The author also reviews evidence from contemporary Cham culture. The religious inheritance of Champa is related to Vedic, Indian, Chinese, and Annamese forms of worship, and the significance of the Champa king as intermediary between the gods and the soil is also discussed. The second report by Étienne Aymonier contains an overview, dated 1884-85, of the religious practices, ceremonies related to veneration of divinities, marriage, birth, priesthood, death, agriculture, collection of eagle wood, and other customs of both groups of Chams, Muslims and non-Muslims, in Vietnam, and Chams in Cambodia.
"Explores Viet Nam's rich heritage, from the Sa Huynh culture (1st millennium B.C.) to art from Hoi An. The authors discuss links between Viet Nam and Indonesia, reflected in the Hindu and Buddhist temples and stone sculptures, and investigate trade in gold and Chinese ceramics with Butuan"--Provided by publisher.
The kings of ancient Champa, a civilization located in the central region of today's Vietnam, started building sacred temples in a circular valley more than 1500 years ago. The monuments, now known by the Vietnamese name M? So'n, were discovered by nineteenth-century colonial soldiers and first studied by the French architect Henri Parmentier. Bombed during the Vietnam War, the ruins of the brick towers, decorated with exquisite carvings and sculptures, were designated as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage site in 1999. An Italian team has worked at the site for the last ten years, doing archaeological research and restoration work in cooperation with Vietnamese specialists. This book is the first published volume based on their efforts. The opening section consists of historical, anthropological and architectural studies of the civilization of Champa. The remainder of the book presents an unusually intimate and extensively illustrated portrait of the archaeologists' research and restoration work at M? So'n. While this book is important for specialists and students of the history and archaeology of Champa and Southeast Asia, it also tells a fascinating story that will appeal to general readers and visitors to this exceptional archaeological site.
This book breaks new ground by examining trans-oceanic connectivity through the perspective of coastal shrines and maritime cultural landscapes across the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea. It covers a period of expanding networks and cross-cultural encounters from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE. The book examines the distinctiveness of these shrines, and highlights their interconnections, and their role in social integration in South and Southeast Asia. By drawing on data from shipwreck sites, the author elaborates on the material and religious intersections and transmissions between cultures across the seas. Many of these coastal shrines survived into the colonial period when they came to be admired for their aesthetic value as ‘monuments’. As nation states of the region became independent, these shrines were often inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List on account of their Outstanding Universal Values. The book argues that in the 21st century there is a need to promote the cultural connectivity of the past as transnational heritage on UNESCO’s global platform to preserve and protect our shared heritage. The volume will be essential reading for academics and researchers of archaeology, anthropology, museum and heritage studies, history of South and Southeast Asia, religious studies, cultural studies, and Asian studies.