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2.1 E-Government: e-Governance and e-Democracy The term Electronic Government (e-Government), as an expression, was coined after the example of Electronic Commerce. In spite of being a relatively recent expression, e-Government designates a field of activity that has been with us for several decades and which has attained a high level of penetration in many countries2. What has been observed over the recent years is a shift on the broadness of the e-Government concept. The ideas inside e-Governance and e- Democracy are to some extent promising big changes in public administration. The demand now is not only simply delivering a service - line. It is to deliver complex and new services, which are all citizen-centric. Another important demand is related to the improvement of citizen's participation in governmental processes and decisions so that the governments' transparency and legitimacy are enforced. In order to fulfill these new demands, a lot of research has been done over the recent years (see Section 3) but many challenges are still to be faced, not only in the technological field, but also in the political and social aspects.
[Administration (référence électronique)].
Collaborative Networks is a fast developing area, as shown by the already large number of diverse real-world implemented cases and the dynamism of its related involved research community. Being recognized as the most focused scientific and technical conference on Collaborative Networks, PRO-VE continues to offer the opportunity for presentation and discussion of both the latest research developments as well as the practical application case studies.
The material collected in this book covers a broad range of applications of computer science methods and algorithms in business practice. It presents cutting edge research in development, implementation, and improvement of computer systems. The computer science and information systems topics covered include data warehouses, ERP, XML, ontologies, rule languages, software engineering and Business Process Management.
"This reference expands the field of database technologies through four-volumes of in-depth, advanced research articles from nearly 300 of the world's leading professionals"--Provided by publisher.
A supply chain is the process of all parties involved in fulfilling a customer request, while a value chain is a set of interrelated activities a company uses to create value and a competitive advantage. In Strategic Value Chain Management the authors bring together a variety of disciplines, showing how to move from traditional supply chain management to value chain management. Research from the (ISM) International School of Management, Germany, originating from a network of companies in a range of sectors, is integrated with case studies to demonstrate particular concepts. Strategic Value Chain Management brings together theory and practice and presents tangible ways of creating competitiveness in a changing world through the use of effective models and frameworks. Challenging the traditional Porters Five Forces Model, the authors introduce the important academic disciplines of cybernetics and systems sciences as essential drivers of strategy within the supply chain, supported by case studies illustrating their implementation.
This series constitutes a collection of selected papers presented at the International Conference on Medical Imaging and Informatics (MIMI2007), held during August 14–16, in Beijing, China. The conference, the second of its kind, was funded by the European Commission (EC) under the Asia IT&C programme and was co-organized by Middlesex University, UK and Capital University of Medical Sciences, China. The aim of the conference was to initiate links between Asia and Europe and to exchange research results and ideas in the field of medical imaging. A wide range of topics were covered during the conference that attracted an audience from 18 countries/regions (Canada, China, Finland, Greece, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, Korea, Libya, Macao, Malaysia, Norway, Pakistan, Singapore, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the USA). From about 110 submitted papers, 50 papers were selected for oral presentations, and 20 for posters. Six key-note speeches were delivered during the conference presenting the state of the art of medical informatics. Two workshops were also organized covering the topics of “Legal, Ethical and Social Issues in Medical Imaging” and “Informatics” and “Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD),” respectively.
Service-Oriented Computing (SOC) allows software development time to be shortened by the composition of existing services across the Internet. Further exploitation of this revolutionary trend is feasible through automation, thanks to the use of software agents and techniques from distributed artificial intelligence. This book provides an overview of the related technologies and insight into state-of-the art research results in the field. The topics discussed cover the various stages in the life cycle of service-oriented software development using agent technologies to automate the development process and to manage services in a dynamic environment. The book presents both academic research results and the latest developments from industry. Researchers from academia and industry, as well as postgraduates, will find this cutting-edge volume indispensable in order to gain understanding of the issues associated with agent-based service-oriented computing along with recent, and likely future technology trends.
In today’s society, where technology is ubiquitous, protecting ourselves with firewalls is as important as defending ourselves with firepower. New technology is providing criminals with a world of opportunity, while law enforcement agencies all over the world are struggling to cope. E-security is an issue of global importance. In many ways, cybercrime is no different to more traditional types of crime – both involve identifying targets, using surveillance and psychological profiling of potential victims. The major difference is that the perpetrators of cybercrime are increasingly remote to the scene of their crime and that in some cases their victims may not even realize that a crime is taking place. Knowledge of the techniques being used by criminals and the technology and tra- ing available to combat them is essential in fighting cybercrime. Establishing dialogue between crime-fighting agencies, the security industry, researchers and experts can provide a platform from which e-security can be examined from several global p- spectives.
The massive growth of the Internet has made an enormous amount of infor- tion available to us. However, it is becoming very difficult for users to acquire an - plicable one. Therefore, some techniques such as information filtering have been - troduced to address this issue. Recommender systems filter information that is useful to a user from a large amount of information. Many e-commerce sites use rec- mender systems to filter specific information that users want out of an overload of - formation [2]. For example, Amazon. com is a good example of the success of - commender systems [1]. Over the past several years, a considerable amount of research has been conducted on recommendation systems. In general, the usefulness of the recommendation is measured based on its accuracy [3]. Although a high - commendation accuracy can indicate a user's favorite items, there is a fault in that - ly similar items will be recommended. Several studies have reported that users might not be satisfied with a recommendation even though it exhibits high recommendation accuracy [4]. For this reason, we consider that a recommendation having only accuracy is - satisfactory. The serendipity of a recommendation is an important element when c- sidering a user's long-term profits. A recommendation that brings serendipity to users would solve the problem of “user weariness” and would lead to exploitation of users' tastes. The viewpoint of the diversity of the recommendation as well as its accuracy should be required for future recommender systems.