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Due to their increased mechanical properties and ease of construction, Concrete filled steel tubes (CFTs) offer an efficient and economical alternative compared to traditional reinforced concrete columns. Despite their inherent advantages, the implementation of CFT construction within the US is limited due to unverified design expressions and lack of standard connection details. As an effort to facilitate the use of CFTs, a research program has been undertaken by the University of Washington to develop practical connection details for the use of CFTs in bridge construction in seismic regions. The focus of this research is the development of CFT column-to-cap beam connections. Three categories of the CFT column to cap beam connection have been experimentally evaluated; an embedded connection in which the steel tube is embedded in the cap beam concrete, a welded reinforced concrete connection in which headed reinforcing bars are welded to the inside of the steel tube and extended into the cap beam, and a reinforced concrete connection in which a traditional reinforced concrete cage is placed within the CFT column and extended into the cap beam. Experimental results show that these connections can achieve strength and ductility objectives with limited damage to superstructure components.
A new type of connection between a precast concrete column and a drilled shaft has been developed for Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) in regions of moderate or high seismicity. This connection can be built quickly and allows generous placement tolerances. Three quasi-static tests of connections between a precast bridge column and a drilled shaft were performed (1) to investigate the seismic performance of this connection, and (2) to calibrate a new design methodology. The test specimens represented the most critical geometry in which the difference between the diameters of the shaft and column was minimized. Large-scale, lateral-load tests to a drift ratio of 10% showed that, if adequate confining steel is included in the splice zone, the plastic hinging mechanism forms in the column, without inducing damage in the splice or shaft. If the confinement is insufficient, the strength of the splice zone deteriorates rapidly with cyclic loading. A new design methodology, based on a strut-and-tie model of the transition region, allows the designer to proportion the connection to limit the strains in the connection transverse reinforcement.
This study presents an innovative bridge column technology for application in seismic regions. The proposed technology combines a precast post-tensioned composite steel-concrete hollow-core column with supplemental energy dissipation, in a way to reduce on-site construction burdens and minimize earthquake-induced residual deformations, damage, and associated repair costs. The column consists of two steel cylindrical shells, with high-performance concrete cast in between. Both shells act as permanent formwork; the outer shell substitutes the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement, as it works in composite action with the concrete, whereas the inner shell removes unnecessary concrete volume from the column, prevents concrete implosion, and prevents buckling of energy dissipating dowels when embedded in the concrete. Large inelastic rotations can be accommodated at the end joints with minimal structural damage, since gaps are allowed to open at these locations and to close upon load reversal. Longitudinal post-tensioned high-strength steel threaded bars, designed to respond elastically, in combination with gravity forces ensure self-centering behavior. Internal or external steel devices provide energy dissipation by axial yielding. This dissertation reviews the main principles and requirements for the design of these columns. The experimental findings from two quasi-static reversed cyclic tests are then presented, and numerical simulations of the experimental response are proposed.
First Published in 1999: The Bridge Engineering Handbook is a unique, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art reference work and resource book covering the major areas of bridge engineering with the theme "bridge to the 21st century."
Surveys the leading methods for connecting structural steel components, covering state-of-the-art techniques and materials, and includes new information on welding and connections. Hundreds of detailed examples, photographs, and illustrations are found throughout this handbook. --from publisher description.
This collection contains 85 papers presented at the Composite Construction in Steel and Concrete IV Conference, held in Banff, Alberta, Canada, May 28-June 2, 2000.
This book is the Proceedings of a State-of-the-Art Workshop on Connenctions and the Behaviour, Strength and Design of Steel Structures held at Laboratoire de Mecanique et Technologie, Ecole Normale, Cachan France from 25th to 27th May 1987. It contains the papers presented at the above proceedings and is split into eight main sections covering: Local Analysis of Joints, Mathematical Models, Classification, Frame Analysis, Frame Stability and Simplified Methods, Design Requirements, Data Base Organisation, Research and Development Needs. With papers from 50 international contributors this text will provide essential reading for all those involved with steel structures.