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Treatment of Cerebral Palsy and Motor Delay is first andforemost a practical book, a distillation of Sophie Levitt’sconsiderable experience in treating those affected by cerebralpalsy. This fifth edition outlines therapeutic approaches and suggeststreatment and management options, providing a wealth of practicalinformation, supported by clear diagrams and photographs, onassessment, management and treatment. The book emphasises aneclectic, holistic approach, and integrates current ideas on motorcontrol and motor learning in a further development ofLevitt’s Collaborative Learning Approach. This newedition provides greater commentary on evidence-based practice, aswell as practical, updated information on the use of BotulinumToxin, orthopaedic surgery and the therapist's role following theseprocedures. The book is aimed primarily at practitioners and studentsconcerned with the developmental abilities and difficulties ofchildren, particularly physiotherapists and occupational therapistsworking in paediatrics. Doctors and other healthcare professionalswill also find useful insights in the book. Parents, families andalso teachers of people with cerebral palsy can learn more abouttherapy by consulting the book together with theirtherapist. Written by an international authority in the field Extensively revised, updated and well referenced Emphasises an eclectic, functional and holistic approach Highly illustrated Promotes positive relationships between therapists, people withcerebral palsy and their families From the Foreword: “I greatly welcome the fifth edition of this book whichbrings together the management of cerebral palsies into acomprehensive but readable form… This book is in my view anessential part of both a therapist’s and doctor’s basicunderstanding of the subject… This book remains essential forthose managing children with disability.’ —Brian Neville, Professor of Childhood Epilepsy, Professor ofPaediatric Neurology ,University College London, Institute of ChildHealth/Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust.
This book is a practical resource for physiotherapists and occupational therapists who support people with cerebral palsy, helping them to solve the problems with movement and other impairments that so often accompany cerebral palsy, so that they can be more active and better able to participate in roles such as study, work, recreation and relationships. The first chapters provide the background to the clinical reasoning approach that informs the whole text, as well as an overview of therapeutic interventions. The subsequent chapters present clinical situations that therapists will encounter in the course of their work with individuals with cerebral palsy across the lifespan. Each chapter describes a case in detail, including the reasoning behind assessment and treatment choices, interventions and outcomes. The themes emphasized throughout the book are the use of the clinical reasoning approach of the intervention process model, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as a framework to help therapists inform patient and family decision-making, family-centred approaches in developing and implementing therapeutic strategies, and multidisciplinary team work.
Progress in Brain Research is the most acclaimed and accomplished series in neuroscience. The serial is well-established as an extensive documentation of contemporary advances in the field. The volumes contain authoritative reviews and original articles by invited specialists. The rigorous editing of the volumes assures that they will appeal to all laboratory and clinical brain research workers in the various disciplines: neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, neuropharmacology, neuroendocrinology, neuropathology, basic neurology, biological psychiatry and the behavioral sciences.
This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.
by A. Berthoz The publication of this volume, edited by Adriano Ferrari and Giovanni Cioni, is a major event for several reasons. Most importantly, it concerns an area of child pathology that has yet to be fully explored. In this context, the authors’ efforts to compile their observations as well as those of other clinicians and to elaborate their theories have resulted in an ess- tial step in the field of cerebral palsy (CP). The originality of the book is its very clear focus, while at the same time the authors have encouraged the book’s contributors to express their ideas and personal opinions. This leads sometimes to redundancy, but this is precisely one of the benefits of the book - cause the same problems are then exposed from different points of views. The reader is thus spared the normative attempts of many other pathology books, in which the compl- ity of a given disease is hidden by the authors’ or editors’ desire to impose a rigid taxo- my or epidemiology.
This comprehensive volume will serve as a complete guide to the clinical application of computer assisted systems in monitoring central nervous functions both in the OR and ICU. It presents practical guidelines and therapeutic indications for computerized EEG and Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SSEP) monitoring for the experienced user as well as the novice, leading the newcomer step-by-step to a level of advanced monitoring. Basic procedures and data handling are explained in a user-friendly and practical way. The book also describes what cerebral monitoring can do and what its limitations are. In addition, proper selection of the available monitoring devices, set-up procedures, the technique of electrode placement, trouble shooting and data interpretation are fully covered. Various typical cases underline how EEG power spectra and evoked potential changes are interpreted, how they are used in the light of other variables being measured how they can serve to get a deeper insight into the underlying clinical situation. In this respect representative and color illustrated examples further emphasize the link between this book and clinical practice.
This fully illustrated atlas and well-referenced text provides a comprehensive guide to brain imaging in newborn babies using ultrasound. The volume is unique because it includes examples of normal and abnormal appearances, illustrated from pathological specimens and diagrams of standard views, accompanied by full discussion and advice on prognosis. It also provides an introduction to the physics of ultrasound imaging and Doppler, advice on choosing equipment, guidance on ultrasound safe practice and the care of ill babies during scan examination. Advice on the value of Doppler examination of blood flow in the arteries is included, along with a guide to the prognosis of intracranial injury. The volume will be an essential source of reference and guidance for all who work in neonatal intensive care and for radiologists and radiographers.
It is important for professionals who provide medical, rehabilitation, educational, and community services for children and youth with cerebral palsy to provide a quality medical home, family-centered, and needs-based services to address their needs and improve child and family well-being. Knowledge regarding determinants and unique profiles of needs for families of children and youth with cerebral palsy is limited. The aims of this research were to (1) test structural equation models of determinants of three types of family needs of parents of children and youth with cerebral palsy; (2) identify and describe unique profiles of family needs; and (3) examine whether profiles of needs are differentiated based on child, family, and service characteristics. Participants were 579 parents of children and youth with cerebral palsy. Children/youth and their parents completed a modified version of the Family Needs Survey, Family Environment Scale, Coping Inventory, Children's Assessment of Participation and Enjoyment, Measure of Processes of Care, and Services questionnaire. Research assistants determined the Gross Motor Function Classification System levels of the children. The structural models explained 23% of variance in needs related to child condition, 43% of variance in needs related to community and financial resources, and 33% of variance in needs related to family functioning. The determinants of the three models included different combinations of services (accessibility, coordination, processes), family (relationships, income), and child (gross motor function, adaptive behavior, communication problems) characteristics. K-means cluster analysis indicated four unique profiles of needs: Low Needs, Needs Related to Child Health Condition, Needs Related to Community and Financial Resources, and High Needs. Profile membership was differentiated based on child gross motor function and adaptive behavior, family relationships and income, and access to and coordination of services. Families who were included in the profile of low needs commonly reported accessible, coordinated, and family-centered care. The results emphasize the importance of providing medical and family-centered services to address the unique needs of families of children and youth with cerebral palsy. Service providers are encouraged to engage families in expressing their needs, collaborate with families in identifying resources to meet needs, and guide families in navigating complex service systems to address needs.
This totally new clinical text gives: • Guidance on how best to study causes • An account and analysis of international research • Methods of collection and analysis of data • A review of all published data • New ways of thinking about causal pathways in the cerebral palsies • Possible new prevention pathways • A guide to systematic management