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This report summarizes the best of current local practice and presents, analyses and comments on research into growth management.
Urban sprawl is one of the key planning issues facing many US cities, leading to the creation and adoption of a variety of approaches to control growth. However, many growth management ideas do not align well with the growth-promoting planning traditions of the US, which historically have been dominated by the concerns of the market, the landowner and the developer. Illustrated by a study of the San Francisco Bay Area, this book puts forward an innovative theoretical approach to growth management, analyzing it as a tool for controlling land use expansion in the US. This region makes a particularly useful study as it has encountered long term growth pressures, complex land use demands and the application of a wide variety of growth management approaches over the past few decades. Using empirical, qualitative analysis, the book examines which growth management activities have actually been put into practice and which have proved successful and questions how such a planning approach functions in today‘s complex and multi-faceted planning paradigms. It concludes by stressing the different notions of interdependence in growth management: regional interdependence, interdependence between stakeholders and interdependence in planning theory.
Thoroughly discusses the experiences of traditional approaches to growth management, including public acquisition of open space, zoning, interim development controls, and division techniques. The author then offers more sophisticated second-generation techniques for controlling suburban growth without stifling it. Included are discussions of urban service areas, cap rates, annual permit limitations, adequate public facilities programming, and legal considerations. The book concludes with a conceptual model for success in the future. Ideal for undergraduate or graduate survey text. There are specific topics which, in microcosm, bring together many of the strands of a whole society. The pressures at work in responding to the problems involved in these topics both in implementing and retarding their resolution, provide a unique insight into the strains of our time. In many ways, the subject of growth controls is a prime exemplar of this species. Grouped under this rubric are all the environmental concerns which are increasingly prominent: the natural limits of land-holding capacity, the trade-offs between intensive land use, and the physical limitations of earth and space. But these elements, while far from being defined, are much more finite than the particulars at the other end of the spectrum that of the character and individual substance and way of life, which revolve around the level of intensity of land use. For example, as we near the end of the twentieth century, an increasing demand is heard for a return to the simpler, more bucolic environment. Just as the suburb replaced the city as the prime location so the suburb in turn finds it very difficult to compete against the lures of the countryside. The drive towards exurbia, and with is greater levels of decentralization, and with it greater levels of decentralization becomes a dominant theme, at least for the affluent. All these and many other elements are at work within the simple title of Growth Management.
Bringing together a team of national experts, this volume offers a detailed look at the links between public land acquisition programs and efforts to yield smart growth outcomes in the USA. Both public land acquisition programs and state and local growth management efforts have been examined in detail, but while there is growing recognition that land acquisition can play an important role in smart growth outcomes, there has so far been little research into the nexus of these areas of public policy. This book investigates various aspects of the land acquisition-smart growth linkage and describes model programs and makes recommendations for the adoption of land acquisition efforts nationally and internationally. It will appeal to practising planners, policy makers, public officials, and citizen groups, as well as academics of urban planning, environmental studies, geography and other disciplines which examine issues of urban sprawl.
"This volume is based on a conference held in March 2000, at Florida State University in Tallahassee"--Pref. Includes bibliographical references and index. Machine generated contents note: 1. Land-Use Planning: An Overview of the Issues -- Randall G. Holcombe and Samuel R. Staley -- Public Concern About Sprawl -- The Issues -- The Political Response -- Market Mechanisms -- The Market Order -- Conclusion -- 2. An Overview of U.S. Urbanization and Land-Use Trends -- Samuel R. Staley -- How Developed Is the U.S.? -- What Land Is Urbanized? -- NRI Data Reliability -- Housing Preferences and Trends -- Conclusion -- 3. The Geography of Transportation and Land Use -- Peter Gordon and Harry W. Richardson -- Suburbanization -- Transportation Issues -- Conclusions -- 4. Congestion and Traffic Management -- Robert W. Poole, Jr. -- Road Pricing: The History of an Idea -- Resistance to Urban Road Pricing -- Rethinking Highway Finance -- Highway Finance Reform -- Equity Issues -- Can New Technology Make Pricing Feasible? -- A New Paradigm for Urban Roadways -- Getting from Here to There -- Conclusion -- 5. Air Quality, Density, and Environmental Degradation -- Kenneth Green -- Density and Air Quality -- Density and Water Quality -- Density and Soil Contamination -- Conclusion -- 6. National Land-Use Planning Through Environmental Policy -- Jefferson G. Edgens -- Nonpoint Source Water Pollution -- Ecosystem Protection Via Watershed Management -- EPA Authority Under the Clean Water Act -- Expanding the EPA's Nonstatutory Regulatory Control -- The EPA and Federal Growth Management -- American Heritage Rivers Initiative and -- the Gulf of Mexico Initiative -- EPA Authority Over Nonpoint Sources -- Guidelines for Policy -- Conclusion -- 7. Regionalism and the Growth Management Movement -- Gerard C S. Mildner -- The Development of Comprehensive Land-Use Planning -- Regional Planning and Fiscal Equity -- Land-Use Planning in Portland, Oregon -- Conclusion -- 8. Growth Management in Action: The Case of Florida -- Randall G. Holcombe -- Florida's 1985 Growth Management Act -- Concurrency -- Urban Sprawl -- Lessons from Florida's Urban Sprawl Policy -- Growth Management as Central Planning -- Planning for Private and Public Resources -- Planning for Transportation and Land-Use Patterns -- Impediments to Infrstructure Planning -- Conclusion -- 9. Urban Density and Sprawl: An Historic Perspective -- Robert Bruegmann -- Sprawl and Density -- Density A Compact History -- American Cities and European Cities -- Decentralization and Density Today -- Causes of Decentralization -- The Fight Against Low Density -- 10. Property Rights in a Complex World -- Roger E. Meiners and Andrew P. Morriss -- The Nature and Source of Property Rights -- Free Market Environmentalism -- Environmental Creativity -- Conclusion -- 11. Markets, Smart Growth, and the Limits of Policy -- Samuel R. Staley -- The Politics of Smart Growth and Growth Management -- Key Features of Smart Growth Plans -- Legislative Decisionmaking -- Bureaucratic Decisionmaking -- Market Decisionmaking -- Policy Implications -- 12. Infrastructure Provision in a Market-Oriented Framework -- Wendell Cox -- Where Should Infrastructure Be Provided? -- Improving Efficiency and Effectiveness: -- Competitive Service Provision -- Competitive Infrastructure Development -- Competitive Service Delivery (Competitive Contracting -- A Special Case: Roadways -- De-Politicizing Infrastructure -- Conclusions -- 13. Fixing the Dysfunctional Central City -- Steven Hayward -- 14. Policy Implications -- Randall G. Holcombe and Samuel R. Staley -- Urban Development -- Environmental Issues -- Transportation -- Land-Use Policy -- Policy for the Underprivileged, the Poor, and Minorities -- Conclusion -- References -- Index -- About the Editors and Contributors.
The book will be useful to planners engaged in smart growth efforts on both sides of the Atlantic. Its strength is in the inclusion of a variety of topics and case studies relevant to growth management programs and highlighting key direct and indirect impacts of these efforts in a variety of contexts. Lucie Laurian, Growth and Change This unique book allows readers to compare analyses of how North American states and European nation-states use incentives, regulations or plans to approach a core set of universal land use issues such as: containing sprawl, mixed use development, transit oriented development, affordable housing, healthy urban designs, and marketing smarter growth. The concept of smart growth has gained in popularity in many countries around the world. From Europe to Asia to North America, planners, citizens, and policy makers have come to realize that patterns of urban development not only matter, but can affect the quality of life of every urban and rural resident. Comparing the approaches and results of policies in different locations is a logical way to assess policy success. While similarities and differences provide the foundation for trans-Atlantic comparisons, the contributions in this book focus on three central themes: smart growth, the role of states and nation-states, and the use of incentives, regulations and plans. Incentives, Regulations and Plans will find an audience in the United States, Canada and Europe, especially from those interested in architecture, planning, engineering, urban studies, agriculture and public policy.