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Cell Structure and Function by Microspectrofluorometry provides an overview of the state of knowledge in the study of cellular structure and function using microspectrofluorometry. The book is organized into six parts. Part I begins by tracing the origins of modern fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent probes. Part II discusses methods such as microspectroscopy and flow cytometry; the fluorescence spectroscopy of solutions; and the quantitative implementation of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in the light microscope. Part III presents studies on metabolism, including the mechanism of action of xenobiotics; biochemical analysis of unpigmented single cells; and cell-to-cell communication in the endocrine and the exocrine pancreas. Part IV focuses on applications of fluorescent probes. Part V deals with cytometry and cell sorting. It includes studies on principles and characteristics of flow cytometry as a method for studying receptor-mediated endocytosis; and flow cytometric measurements of physiologic cell responses. Part VI on bioluminescence discusses approaches to measuring chemiluminescence or bioluminescence in a single cell and measuring light emitted by living cells.
Individual cell and particle analysis in aquatic sciences is involved in many aspects of oceanography and limnology, including optical physics of particles, phytoplankton physiology and ecology, marine and aquatic microbiology and food web interactions. This book concentrates on the optimal utilization of flow cytometry and image analysis and the ways in which oceanographic and limnological problems can be uniquely or better addressed using these techniques.
This handbook focuses on physical paper testing in the laboratory and online. Divided into five parts, it highlights assays for paper interactions with light, moisture, electricity, and heat. Topics expanded upon include laboratory testing procedures; microscopy analysis and paper surface properties; liquid and gas penetration; electrical and thermal interactions; and methods of surface characterization.
The introduction of innovative light sources, fibre laser sources and light emitting diodes, is opening unexpected perspectives into optical techniques and is promising new exciting applications in the field of biomedicine. Lasers and Current Optical Techniques in Biology aims to provide an overview of light sources, together with an extensive and authoritative description of the optical techniques in bio-medicine. This book is designed to give biomedical researchers a strong feel for the capability of physical approaches, promote new interdisciplinary interests and persuade more practitioners to take advantage of optical techniques. Current developments in a variety of optical techniques, including Near-Infra Red Spectroscopy, and traditional and advanced fluorescence techniques are covered, ranging from those that are becoming common practice to those that need much more experimentation before they can be accepted as real breakthroughs. Further topics include optical coherence tomography and its variations, polarised light imaging and, principle laser and lamp sources- a usually fragmentary topic, often dispersed among specialist publications. The wide range of topics covered make Lasers and Current Optical Techniques in Biology of interest to a diverse range of scientific communities.
A timely, outstanding educational resource dedicated to explaining the new method of performing corneal transplantation without the use of corneal sutures and an absence of full-thickness corneal wound. This comprehensive book includes a discussion of the development of lamellar transplantation; an in-depth discussion of the basic science of corneal structure, physiology, biomechanics and pathology; a primer on advanced corneal imaging; and a review of the surgical techniques and instrumentation required.
Plants interact with a large number of microoganisms which have a major impact on their growth either by establishing mutually beneficial symbiotic relationships or by developing as pathogens at the expense of the plant with deleterious effects. These microorganisms differ greatly not only in their nature (viruses, phytoplasmas, bacteria, fungi, nematodes, ... ) but also in the way they contact, penetrate and invade their host. Histology and cytology have brought an essential contribution to our knowledge of these phenomena. They have told us for instance, how specialized structures of the pathogen are often involved in the adhesion and penetration into the plant, how the interface between both organisms is finely arranged at the cellular level, or what structural alterations affect the infected tissues. They have thus set the stage for the investigations of the underlying molecular mechanisms could be undertaken. Such investigations have been remarkably successful in the recent years, expanding considerably our understanding of plant-microorganism interactions in terms of biochemical changes, rapid modifications of enzymatic activities, coordinated gene activation, signal reception and transduction. Biochemistry, molecular biology and cellular physiology have taken precedence in the phytopathologist's set of methods.
Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy Foundations, Applications, and Advances Edited by Alberto Diaspro Confocal and two-photon fluorescence microscopy has provided researchers with unique possibilities of three-dimensional imaging of biological cells and tissues and of other structures such as semiconductor integrated circuits. Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy: Foundations, Applications, and Advances provides clear, comprehensive coverage of basic foundations, modern applications, and groundbreaking new research developments made in this important area of microscopy. Opening with a foreword by G. J. Brakenhoff, this reference gathers the work of an international group of renowned experts in chapters that are logically divided into balanced sections covering theory, techniques, applications, and advances, featuring: * In-depth discussion of applications for biology, medicine, physics, engineering, and chemistry, including industrial applications * Guidance on new and emerging imaging technology, developmental trends, and fluorescent molecules * Uniform organization and review-style presentation of chapters, with an introduction, historical overview, methodology, practical tips, applications, future directions, chapter summary, and bibliographical references * Companion FTP site with full-color photographs * The significant experience of pioneers, leaders, and emerging scientists in the field of confocal and two-photon excitation microscopy Confocal and Two-Photon Microscopy: Foundations, Applications, and Advances is invaluable to researchers in the biological sciences, tissue and cellular engineering, biophysics, bioengineering, physics of matter, and medicine, who use these techniques or are involved in developing new commercial instruments.
With the recent changes in the health care industry, surgeons face increasing pressure to devote their time to their clinical activities, thus limiting their research efforts. It is essential that young and creative individuals are encouraged to perform research and are given incentives to participate in research under the mentorship of more experienced research investigators.Surgical Research is the first book to include all the information necessary for the surgical scientist to perform a research experiment. The editors have assembled outstanding, expert investigators in multiple surgical fields and asked them to describe how they achieve their research accomplishments. In Surgical Research, these experts in the field have outlined everything involved in preparing and conducting a research project. Some of the topics covered in the book include how to state a research question, how to review the available information, how to write research protocol, how to obtain grant money for the experiment, how to analyze the data, and how to present the findings. Also discussed are the ethics of animal and human experimentation along with the history and philosophy of surgical research.To continue to advance technologies and surgical methods, research must continually be performed. Potentially great discoveries are being missed because would-be researchers do not know where to start or how to conduct research, and therefore do not even try. This book provides prospective researchers with all the basic steps needed to perform a research experiment in the surgical field. No student, resident, or fellow should start a research project without this book and no senior surgical scientist should be without it occupying a prominent position in the library.Key Features* The first complete compendium detailing the process and procedures to perform surgical research* Provides details on and compares various methodologies* A "must have" resource for the surgical resident, fellow, or scientist* Includes a listing of resources and web sites to help the researcher even further
Lorette Javois' timely new 2nd edition revises and updates her widely acclaimed collection of step-by-step immunocytochemical methods, one that is now used in many biological and biomedical research programs. The methods are designed for researchers and clinicians who wish to visualize molecules in plant or animal embryos, tissue sections, cells, or organelles. In addition to cutting-edge protocols for purifying and preparing antibodies, light microscopic analysis, confocal microscopy, FACS, and electron microscopy, this revised edition contains many new methods for applying immunocytochemical techniques in the clinical laboratory and in combination with in situ hybridization.
This interdisciplinary book gives a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art: from applications and trends in fluorescence techniques in science to medicine and engineering. Written for practitioners and researchers in industry and academia, it covers fields like environmental and materials science, biology, medicine, physics and chemistry. Moreover, it reports on such new and breathtaking methods as ultra-fast time-resolved or single molecule spectroscopy, gives examples of applications in the fields of electroluminescent polymers, visualization of membrane potentials in neurons and fluorescence imaging of the brain.