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Warfare looms large in the history of every nation - every country has its Battle of Hastings or Waterloo - yet it is surprisingly difficult to identify battle sites in the landscape. Battlefield archaeology is one of the newest areas of archaeological investigation, originating in work at the Little Bighorn (USA) in 1984. Here we see the results of using these methods in the UK, including at iconic sites such as Bosworth and Towton. This volume presents the results of the first national assessment of English battlefields. The primary written sources are complemented by the results of extensive fieldwork, computer-based terrain reconstruction, and scientific analysis of artefacts recovered from battlefields, allowing the sites of several notable battles to be located firmly for the first time. Battlefield archaeology rests heavily on the recording of metal artefact scatters across the landscape, and the book explores the most effective way of recovering this material. The authors' proposed methodology for investigating battlefield locations is validated by the recent identification of the precise location of the Battle of Bosworth, some 3km from the traditional site. Experiments on ordnance recovered from battlefields are enhancing our understanding of the development of gunpowder weapons. The evidence for battles from prehistory to the mid fifteenth century is summarised and is followed by detailed descriptions of battles from the Wars of the Roses, as well as notable conflicts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The book concludes with some suggestions for the future management of these important sites. Key points First national assessment of battlefield sites in England Description of collection methodology for metal artefacts Details of research project on the origins of firepower Detailed case studies of key battle sites Recommendations for management of battlefield sites Methods applicable to battlefields of all periods, in all countries. Glenn Foard is Reader in Battlefield Archaeology at the University of Huddersfield. Richard Morris OBE is Professor of Conflict and Culture at the University of Huddersfield. Publisher's note.
This fascinating volume on submerged prehistoric landscapes of the North Sea brings together for the first time comparative archaeological evidence from Norway, Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, and the UK. The reports describe a range of submerged sites, and artefacts, occupied or used during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene periods of glacially controlled low sea level when large areas of the north-west European continental shelf were dry land. They show that Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic peoples created settlements on the contemporaneous coastlines at periods of low sea level, and probably in the hinterlands of the central North Sea, sometimes known as Doggerland. The age of most known submerged sites is in the range of 8000-5000 years ago, but older submerged sites have been discovered outside the North Sea region.As well as recording existing findings, the contributions analyse the potential for prehistoric archaeology research on the floor of the North Sea, and plan those subjects most requiring study, The volume also recommends ways to cooperate - across national boundaries and with industry - on future research and protection of prehistoric sites on the sea floor.
This archaeological study of textiles and costume considers all aspects of early Anglo-Saxon clothing-how textiles were made in the early Anglo-Saxon settlements, how the cloth was fashioned into garments and the nature of the clasps and jewellery with which the clothes were worn. Drawing on the author's 38 years of experience, and a database of 3,800 finds, it includes a review of the primary evidence from 162 Anglo-Saxon cemeteries, where small fragments of the dead's clothes have been preserved with brooches, pins and necklaces. Regional styles of dress, the social and cultural meaning behind changing fashions, the role of women in textile production, and Scandinavian and Continental influences help to place the study in its broader historical and archaeological context. The volume is amply illustrated with line drawings of craft processes and reconstructions of individual costumes.
Accompanying CD-ROM contains ... "additional data."--Page 4 of cover.
Britain's abolition of the slave trade in 1807 did not end the traffic of human beings across the Atlantic. Indeed, for many decades to come, hundreds of thousands of enslaved Africans continued to be shipped into slavery. From 1840 to 1872 the remote South Atlantic island of St Helena played a pivotal role in Britain's efforts to suppress the slave trade, and over this time it received over 25,000 'liberated Africans', taken from slave ships by Royal Navy patrols. Conditions aboard the slavers were appalling, and many did not survive the journey. Rupert's Valley therefore became a graveyard to many thousands of Africans - 'a valley of dry bones' in the words of a visiting missionary. In 2008 archaeological excavations uncovered a small part of that graveyard, revealing the burials of over 300 victims of the slave trade. It was disposal on a massive scale, with the dead interred in a combination of single, multiple and mass graves. This book presents the finding of the archaeological and osteological study, and in so doing brings the inhumanity of the slave trade into vivid focus. It tells the story of a group of children and young adults who had lived in Africa only a few weeks prior to their death on St Helena, and whose remains bear witness to the cruelty of their transportation. However, the archaeology also shows them as more than just victims, but also as individuals with a sense of their own identity and culture. The slave trade continues to this day, and although this book is a study of the past it also serves as a reminder of evils that persist into the modern day.
Well known for the Early Anglo-Saxon settlement previously excavated on Rookery Hill and its impressive pre-Conquest church, Bishopstone has entered archaeological orthodoxy as a classic example of a 'Middle Saxon Shift'. This volume reports on the excavations from 2002 to 2005 designed to investigate this transition, with the focus on the origins of Bishopstone village. Excavations adjacent to St Andrews churchyard revealed a dense swathe of later Anglo-Saxon (8th- to late 10th-/early 11th-century) habitation, including a planned complex of timber halls, and a unique cellared tower. The occupation encroached upon a pre-Conquest cemetery of 43 inhumations.
A report on the excavation of early historic features at Forteviot, eastern Scotland as part of the University of Glasgow's SERF Project (Strathearn Environs and Royal Forteviot). Also description and analysis of early medieval sculpture from the Forteviot area.
A report on the excavation of prehistoric features at Forteviot, eastern Scotland as part of the University of Glasgow's SERF Project (Strathearn Environs and Royal Forteviot).
This text presents the results of a two-year project to examine the 1940/41 anti-invasion landscapes of England. Combining extensive documentary research with fieldwork, 67 defence areas are examined in detail, establishing strategy and coherence of the original defence and analysing this in relation to the surviving structures.