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Working paper on economic implications of the migration of Mexican agricultural workers (irregular migrants) from the village of San Jeromino, Oaxaca, Mexico to California, USA - considers demographic aspects of migrant worker households, compares employment opportunities in Mexico and the USA, wage rates, and family living conditions, sees rural community resistance to social change occuring with economic development, etc. References.
Migration is a way of life for many individuals and even families in the Mexican state of Oaxaca. Some who leave their rural communities go only as far as the state capital, while others migrate to other parts of Mexico and to the United States. Most send money back to their communities, and many return to their homes after a few years. Migration offers Oaxacans economic opportunities that are not always available locally—but it also creates burdens for those who stay behind. This book explores the complex constellation of factors that cause rural Oaxacans to migrate, the historical and contemporary patterns of their migration, the effects of migration on families and communities, and the economic, cultural, and social reasons why many Oaxacans choose not to migrate. Jeffrey Cohen draws on fieldwork and survey data from twelve communities in the central valleys of Oaxaca to give an encompassing view of the factors that drive migration and determine its outcomes. He demonstrates conclusively that, while migration is an effective way to make a living, no single model can explain the patterns of migration in southern Mexico.
This study analyzes the impact of labor migration on a Mixtec-speaking sending community in the Mixteca Alta of Oaxaca, Mexico. It considers migrant destinations, work experiences, skills and techniques learned abroad and possibly applied in the sending community, and remittances brought or sent home. This study seeks to provide an increased theoretical understanding of the concept of a migration stream and then demonstrate that each migration stream is made of distinct characteristics which correspond to specific changes and ramifications in the sending community. The emphasis is on comparing international migration between Mexico and Canada through a guestworker program to migration to the United States, with additional discussion of internal migration to Mexico City. Specifically, this project analyzes the impact of different types of migration on community political and religious structures, on the lives of women, on traditional artisan production, on community agriculture, and on perceptions of Mixtec culture and ethnicity. The ultimate goal of this research is a better understanding of how migration types are related to community change and ultimately community and regional perspectives of development and improvement in the quality of life. The analysis of the ramifications and potential benefits of migration on individuals and families dependent on migration in the Mixteca Alta has vital implications not only for future development in the Mixteca itself, but also as a model for community development testing and application in similarly-affected areas of Mexico and other countries. This study also provides perspectives on the benefits and challenges of international contract labor, insights significant for immigration and labor policy planners worldwide.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Region is among the poorest geographical areas in the United States. The region has been long characterized by dual development, poor infrastructure, weak schools, health disparities and low-wage employment. More recently, the region has been affected by the violence associated with a drug and crime war in Mexico. The premise of this book is that the U.S.-Mexico Border Region is subject to systematic oppression and that the so-called social pathologies that we see in the region are by-products of social and economic injustice in the form of labor exploitation, environmental racism, immigration militarism, institutional sexism and discrimination, health inequities, a political economy based on low-wage labor, and the globalization of labor and capital. The chapters address a variety of examples of injustice in the areas of environment, health disparity, migration unemployment, citizenship, women and gender violence, mental health, and drug violence. The book proposes a pathway to development.
First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
"Laura Velasco Ortiz investigates groups located on both sides of the border that have maintained strong links with towns and villages in the Mixteca region of Oaxaca in order to understand how this transformation came about. Through a combination of survey, ethnography, and biography, she examines the formation of ethnic identity under the conditions of international migration, giving special attention to the emergence of organizations and their leaders as collective and individual ethnic agents of change."--BOOK JACKET.