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A thrillingly rendered, yet “level–headed” look at the Cascadia Subduction Zone and the devastating natural disasters it promises (Booklist) There is a crack in the earth's crust that runs roughly 31 miles offshore, approximately 683 miles from Northern California up through Vancouver Island off the coast of British Columbia. The Cascadia Subduction Zone has generated massive earthquakes over and over again throughout geologic time—at least thirty–six major events in the last 10,000 years. This fault generates a monster earthquake about every 500 years. And the monster is due to return at any time. It could happen 200 years from now, or it could be tonight. The Cascadia Subduction Zone is virtually identical to the offshore fault that wrecked Sumatra in 2004. It will generate the same earthquake we saw in Sumatra, at magnitude nine or higher, sending crippling shockwaves across a far wider area than any California quake. Slamming into Sacramento, Portland, Seattle, Victoria, and Vancouver, it will send tidal waves to the shores of Australia, New Zealand, and Japan, damaging the economies of the Pacific Rim countries and their trading partners for years to come. In light of recent massive quakes in Haiti, Chile, and Mexico, Cascadia's Fault not only tells the story of this potentially devastating earthquake and the tsunamis it will spawn, it also warns us about an impending crisis almost unprecedented in modern history.
A puzzling tsunami entered Japanese history in January 1700. Samurai, merchants, and villagers wrote of minor flooding and damage. Some noted having felt no earthquake; they wondered what had set off the waves but had no way of knowing that the tsunami was spawned during an earthquake along the coast of northwestern North America. This orphan tsunami would not be linked to its parent earthquake until the mid-twentieth century, through an extraordinary series of discoveries in both North America and Japan. The Orphan Tsunami of 1700, now in its second edition, tells this scientific detective story through its North American and Japanese clues. The story underpins many of today�s precautions against earthquake and tsunami hazards in the Cascadia region of northwestern North America. The Japanese tsunami of March 2011 called attention to these hazards as a mirror image of the transpacific waves of January 1700. Hear Brian Atwater on NPR with Renee Montagne http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4629401
EPIC Award Winner If you live in the Pacific Northwest, get ready to run for your life . . . In the face of a massive earthquake and tsunami in the Pacific Northwest, a respected geologist must make two gut-wrenching decisions. One could cost him his reputation, the other, his life. Is the Northwest overdue for a huge quake and tsunami, or will the region remain safe for hundreds of years yet to come? No one knows... or does someone? Dr. Rob Elwood, a geologist whose specialty is earthquakes and tsunamis, is having nightmares of "the big one" that are way too real to disregard. His friend, a counselor and retired reverend, does not think Rob is going nuts. To the contrary, he believes the dreams are premonitions to be taken seriously. No one else does, however, even after a press conference. Some live to regret it, most don't. Rob's drama becomes intertwined with others--a retired fighter pilot trying to make amends to a woman he jilted decades ago and a quixotic retiree searching for legendary buried treasure in the rugged coastal mountains of Oregon. All are about to live Rob's nightmare. "Riveting, scary, and entirely believable . . . a compelling, page-turning thriller with the ring of truth." Jerry Thompson, author of Cascadia's Fault H. W. "Buzz" Bernard, a native Oregonian born in Eugene and raised in Portland, is a best-selling, award-winning novelist. His debut novel, Eyewall, which one reviewer called a "perfect summer beach read," was released in May 2011 and went on to become a number-one best seller in Amazon's Kindle Store. Before becoming a novelist, Buzz worked at The Weather Channel in Atlanta, Georgia, as a senior meteorologist for thirteen years. Prior to that, he served as a weather officer in the U.S. Air Force for over three decades. He attained the rank of colonel and his "airborne" experiences include a mission with the Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunters, air drops over the Arctic Ocean and Turkey, and a stint as a weather officer aboard a Tactical Air Command airborne command post (C-135).
The definitive guide to getting ready for and staying safe after a major earthquake in the Pacific Northwest. FEMA recommends being prepared for two weeks of self-sufficiency after it occurs, and this handbook will show you how with clear, informative, and easy-to-implement steps. Recent seismic activity has made national headlines and underscored the fact that the Cascadia fault line off the coast of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Northern California is overdue for a major earthquake. And when it happens, living conditions could be akin to those in the mid-nineteenth century. This handbook covers the supplies you need to stay safely in place, including water, food (and food prep), first aid, sanitation, health and hygiene needs, shelter and bedding, and light/fire. It also includes lists of what to purchase and how to store it, as well as simple excercises to gain confidence in perfoming necessary tasks. Learn what to do during and immediately after an earthquake, how to develop a reunification plan, and how to communicate when basic infrastructure is down. It also addresses the particular concerns of those living in coastal areas (the tsunami zone) as well as those outside of the severe impact zone. It covers long-term ways to stay safe without modern conveniences and a crash course in survival techniques should the quake happen before all preparations are complete. Get Ready! presents information in clear, practical, and managable steps, equipping the reader with the skills to care for themselves and their loved ones should a major earthquake hit. And when it does, the internet will not be an option, making this reference handbook invaluable. If you live in the Pacific Northwest, you need Get Ready!
A journey around the United States in search of the truth about the threat of earthquakes leads to spine-tingling discoveries, unnerving experts, and ultimately the kind of preparations that will actually help guide us through disasters. It’s a road trip full of surprises. Earthquakes. You need to worry about them only if you’re in San Francisco, right? Wrong. We have been making enormous changes to subterranean America, and Mother Earth, as always, has been making some of her own. . . . The consequences for our real estate, our civil engineering, and our communities will be huge because they will include earthquakes most of us do not expect and cannot imagine—at least not without reading Quakeland. Kathryn Miles descends into mines in the Northwest, dissects Mississippi levee engineering studies, uncovers the horrific risks of an earthquake in the Northeast, and interviews the seismologists, structual engineers, and emergency managers around the country who are addressing this ground shaking threat. As Miles relates, the era of human-induced earthquakes began in 1962 in Colorado after millions of gallons of chemical-weapon waste was pumped underground in the Rockies. More than 1,500 quakes over the following seven years resulted. The Department of Energy plans to dump spent nuclear rods in the same way. Evidence of fracking’s seismological impact continues to mount. . . . Humans as well as fault lines built our “quakeland”. What will happen when Memphis, home of FedEx's 1.5-million-packages-a-day hub, goes offline as a result of an earthquake along the unstable Reelfoot Fault? FEMA has estimated that a modest 7.0 magnitude quake (twenty of these happen per year around the world) along the Wasatch Fault under Salt Lake City would put a $33 billion dent in our economy. When the Fukushima reactor melted down, tens of thousands were displaced. If New York’s Indian Point nuclear power plant blows, ten million people will be displaced. How would that evacuation even begin? Kathryn Miles’ tour of our land is as fascinating and frightening as it is irresistibly compelling.
Natural Disasters and Risk Communication: Implications of the Cascadia Subduction Zone Megaquake asks and addresses how we communicate about natural disasters and what effect our communication has on natural disaster education, understanding, assessment of risk, preparation, and recovery. The chapters of this book present expertise, analyses, and perspectives that are designed to help us better comprehend and deal with the natural risks such as the Cascadia Subduction Zone. It seeks to move past primal, fear-induced physiological and emotional responses to crises with the understanding that if we accept that the disaster will occur, expect it, and learn how we can prepare, we can calm the collective panicked beats of our hearts as we wait for its first tremors.
Tahoma--the Native tribal name for Mt. Rainier--wakes up after a devastating 9.0 earthquake shatters the Pacific Northwest. Entire counties are covered in mud, rock and earth. Landslides and tsunamis add to the annihilation. Power and internet are knocked out to the entire American West. Hundreds of thousands die on the first day of the New World. Slaughter County shooting-range manager Phil Walker knows things will never be the same. The former Marine is no stranger to tragedy, having lost his wife to cancer and his leg to a firefight. Phil establishes a secure camp for his family and friends. Meanwhile, Phil's son Crane and Captain Marie Darnell fight to stop a disaster at a nearby shipyard. The catastrophe has unleashed a nuclear nightmare inside a submarine and threatened to sink an aircraft carrier permanently. Is it too late, as the worst of humanity surfaces in a rapidly deteriorating world? Will the American Spirit be enough as Phil and his community reel from new and dangerous threats?
This is a discount Black and white version. Some images may be unclear, please see BCCampus website for the digital version.This book was born out of a 2014 meeting of earth science educators representing most of the universities and colleges in British Columbia, and nurtured by a widely shared frustration that many students are not thriving in courses because textbooks have become too expensive for them to buy. But the real inspiration comes from a fascination for the spectacular geology of western Canada and the many decades that the author spent exploring this region along with colleagues, students, family, and friends. My goal has been to provide an accessible and comprehensive guide to the important topics of geology, richly illustrated with examples from western Canada. Although this text is intended to complement a typical first-year course in physical geology, its contents could be applied to numerous other related courses.
"The Cascadia subduction zone is short of modern seismological records of megathrust earthquakes, which makes it difficult to investigate the potential of fault ruptures directly. At the very beginning of the 21st century, a type of quasi-static fault deformation was observed around the downdip end of seismogenic zones. These aseismic transient events are called slow slip events (SSEs). SSEs accommodate a fraction of the plate convergence and may affect the stress loading at the megathrust depths. The discovery of SSEs sheds light on our knowledge of megathrust faults. This thesis aims to investigate physical constraints for subducting faults at depths of both megathrust earthquakes and slow slip events. Chapter 1 gives an introduction of the Cascadia megathrust fault and the current understanding of the physics of SSEs.In Chapter 2, I study the physics of the deep SSEs by investigating the effects of the megathrust fault geometry and overlying continental plate. I incorporate a realistic fault geometry of the northern Cascadia in the framework of rate- and state-dependent friction law, to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of SSEs on a non-planar subduction fault. The modeled SSEs capture the major characteristics revealed by GPS observations. The along-strike distribution of SSE is inversely related to the fault local dip and strike angle of the SSE zone, suggesting a strong geometrical influence. Besides the GPS-detectable fast-spreading phase, I find that each SSE cycle consists of a deep pre-SSE preparation (nucleation) and a post-SSE relaxation (healing) phase, which may be the driving mechanism for the inter-ETS (Episodic Tremor and Slip) tremor activity that is discovered in Cascadia. In Chapter 3, I develop a 3-D episodic SSE model for the northern and the central Cascadia, incorporating both seismic and geodetic observations to constrain heterogeneous megathrust fault properties. The segmentation of SSE recurrence intervals from models that are constrained by Free-air and Bouguer gravity anomalies is equally comparable to GPS observations. However, the model constrained by Free-air anomaly does a better job in reproducing the cumulative slip as well as more consistent surface displacements with GPS observations. The modeled along-strike segmentation only represents the averaged slip release over many SSE cycles, rather than acting as permanent barriers. In Chapter 4, I study the fault shear strength at the seismogenic depths by inverting fault strength from tectonic stress tensors in the continental crust and oceanic mantle in Mendocino Triple Junction, the southern end of the Cascadia subduction zone. I obtain the fault strength for the megathrust fault in Mendocino. I use Cascadia Initiative (CI) expedition ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data to resolve the focal mechanisms for small-to-intermediate earthquakes from 2014 to 2015. The stress orientations are obtained by combining the CI OBS resolved earthquake focal mechanisms with those reported by the Northern California Earthquake Data Center between 1980 and 2016. The fault shear strength scales with a subjective mantle strength assumed in the inversion. When the mantle strength is in the range of 50-400 MPa, the megathrust fault shear strength can be no higher than 50 MPa. The resolved friction coefficients are in the range of 0 to 0.2. In Chapter 5, I use a planar fault model with rate and state friction parameters constrained by geodetic fault locking coefficients to study megathrust earthquake cycles. The modeled coseismic fault slip can reproduce the historical coastal subsidence observations. The along-strike variation of coseismic rupture is affected by both the width of seismogenic zones and heterogeneous frictional properties (e.g., nucleation size) in Cascadia.Chapter 6 contains conclusions and future scopes." --