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Caribbean coast guard and naval hierarchies are developed in order to facilitate systematic comparisons about maritime issues and key actors. On this basis, the relationship of different groups of states to the longstanding Cold-War security agenda as well as the emerging post-Cold War one is assessed. Prominent emerging security issues include boat people, maritime drug trafficking and a variety of local maritime security issues. While Caribbean maritime security is distinctive and important, this book provides the only comprehensive treatment of the subject.
Maritime Security: An Introduction, Second Edition, provides practical, experience-based, and proven knowledge - and a "how-to-guide" - on maritime security. McNicholas explains in clear language how commercial seaports and vessels function; what threats currently exist; what security policies, procedures, systems, and measures must be implemented to mitigate these threats; and how to conduct ship and port security assessments and plans. Whether the problem is weapons of mass destruction or cargo theft, Maritime Security provides invaluable guidance for the professionals who protect our shipping and ports. New chapters focus on whole government maritime security, UN legal conventions and frameworks, transnational crime, and migration. Updates throughout will provide the latest information in increasingly important field. - Provides an excellent introduction to issues facing this critical transportation channel - Three all-new chapters, and updated throughout to reflect changes in maritime security - Increased coverage of migration issues and transnational crime - New contributors bring legal security and cybersecurity issues to the fore
The international cocaine market has transformed the Caribbean Basin into the most violent region in the world. Against the onslaught of drugs and violence, interstate security cooperation and intelligence sharing are increasingly prominent features of state security strategies. The evolution of security cooperation has pushed cocaine flows from the Caribbean to Central America and the Eastern Pacific. Over time, increasing state capacity and cooperation has shaped cocaine trafficking and cut into the profit margins of cartel organizations. This thesis examines the evolution of maritime countertrafficking networks and argues that increased cooperation in the Insular Caribbean caused narcotraffickers to shift trafficking routes to regions without multilateral security mechanisms. Using naval strengths, interdiction data, and government estimates, we determined that security cooperation shaped current smuggling routes. We conclude that multilateral security arrangements are more effective against transnational criminal networks than unilateral state action. We point out the holes in the regional security network and call for a unified approach to transnational criminal networks. The regional hegemon has an outsized impact on regional security and must take steps to build and maintain multilateral relationships between Mexico and Central America to effectively control smuggling in the Eastern Pacific. I. COOPERATIVE SECURITY AND INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY * COMPETING MODELS OF MARITIME SECURITY * A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION * B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * D. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES * E. RESEARCH DESIGN * F. DATA AND SOURCES * G. COOPERATIVE STRATEGIES AND THE CHANGING DYNAMICS OF THE WAR ON DRUGS * II. MARITIME SECURITY FORCES AND REGIONAL CAPABILITIES * A. DETERMINING REGIONAL COCAINE FLOWS * B. QUANTIFYING STRENGTH: GLOBAL RANKINGS * C. MSF STRENGTH DATA: RELATIVE STRENGTH AND REQUIREMENTS * D. STRENGTH AND INTERDICTION PERCENTAGE: CENTRAL AMERICA * E. STRENGTH AND INTERDICTION PERCENTAGE: INSULAR CARIBBEAN. * F. INTERCEPTORS * G. THE IMPORTANCE OF CUEING * 1. Maritime Patrol, Reconnaissance, and Surveillance * 2. RADAR Systems and Data Sharing * H. COMPARATIVE STRENGTH AND COUNTERINTUITIVE TRENDS * I. CASE STUDY PREVIEW * 1. Cuba: Shrinking Capability, Enhanced Security * 2. The Mexico Problem * J. CONCLUSION: NOT JUST PLATFORMS * III. THE CARIBBEAN AND COOPERATION * A. PHYSICAL AND HUMAN GEOGRAPHIES OF THE INSULAR CARIBBEAN * B. UN AND INTERNATIONAL TREATY STRUCTURES * C. CARICOM AND THE REGION * D. INSULAR CARIBBEAN CASE STUDIES * 1. The Regional Security System and the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States * 2. Cuba: Practical Cooperation * 3. Dominican Republic: Less Than Splendid Isolation * 4. Jamaica: An Inflection Point * E. CONCLUSIONS: CARIBBEAN SECURITY RELATIONSHIPS * IV. CENTRAL AMERICAN SECURITY: STRATEGIC DISUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF AN ADAPTABLE SMUGGLING NETWORK * A. CENTRAL AMERICA: KEY GEOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS * B. MEXICO AND REGIONAL POWER * C. CENTRAL AMERICAN CASE STUDIES * 1. Guatemala: So Far From God, So Close to Mexico * 2. Honduras: Adopting the Guise of Counternarcotics Cooperation * 3. Panama: Intelligence Sharing against the Flood * D. CENTRAL AMERICAN INTEGRATION: A LONG-AWAITED, HALTING STEP * E. CONCLUSION: CENTRAL AMERICAN SECURITY RELATIONSHIPS * V. HEGEMONIC ACTION AGAINST A COMPLEX CRIMINAL THREAT * A. UNILATERAL ACTION: THE DEPLOYMENT OF AMERICAN MIGHT * B. BILATERAL RELATIONSHIPS: PARDON ME WHILE I ENFORCE YOUR LAWS * 1. Certification and Bilateral Aid Programs * 2. Bilateral Maritime Security Agreements * C. THE MANY FACES OF MULTILATERALISM * 1. Diplomatic Multilateralism: Budding Egalitarianism * 2. Financial Multilateralism: Underwriting Friendship * 3. Operational Multilateralism: The Hub and Spoke
Today's global security environment includes a growing number of transnational maritime threats, necessitating a cooperative multinational effort. This is particularly true in Latin America and the Caribbean, where military resource expenditures are among the lowest in the world. Many states in the region lack the basic military capabilities to effectively monitor maritime activity within their jurisdictions. Commander, United States Southern Command is responsible for meeting this unique security challenge, yet it is itself very constrained by resources. Fortunately, within the next decade there is an opportunity to develop the maritime security capabilities of our Latin American partners through the transfer of surplus legacy platforms of the United States Coast Guard through the Excess Defense Articles program. Using an operational-level analysis, this paper examines the potential effectiveness of these assets in furthering United States Southern Command's Theater Objectives.
This report contains the results from a research project aimed at identifying new capabilities for the future Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN). With the type of naval operations and tasks for the period up to 2030-35 largely enduring, the current "regional power projection" profile of the Royal Netherlands Navy (RNLN) must be strengthened and renewed. We envisage the core of the future naval force to remain a versatile mix of surface and sub-surface combatants, shipborne helicopters and unmanned systems for intelligence purposes and extended force projection, modern amphibious forces and long-range land attack capability to counter Anti-Access and Area Denial (A2AD) threats. All main vessels should be ocean-going, able to navigate the main operating theaters in the European seas and the Carib under all conditions. But even while we expect that naval operations and tasks, as well as the overall force profile of the RNLN, will evolve rather than drastically change, the RNLN must substantially innovate — but not beyond recognition — its personnel, materiel, doctrines and processes, organization and structures.
To offer security in the maritime domain, governments around the world need the capabilities to directly confront common threats like piracy, drug-trafficking, and illegal immigration. No single navy or nation can do this alone. Recognizing this new international security landscape, the former Chief of Naval Operations called for a collaborative international approach to maritime security, initially branded the "1,000-ship Navy." This concept envisions U.S. naval forces partnering with multinational, federal, state, local and private sector entities to ensure freedom of navigation, the flow of commerce, and the protection of ocean resources. This new book from the National Research Council examines the technical and operational implications of the "1,000-ship Navy," as they apply to four levels of cooperative efforts: U.S. Navy, Coast Guard, and merchant shipping only; U.S. naval and maritime assets with others in treaty alliances or analogous arrangements; U.S. naval and maritime assets with ad hoc coalitions; and U.S. naval and maritime assets with others than above who may now be friendly but could potentially be hostile, for special purposes such as deterrence of piracy or other criminal activity.
The security issues which have come into prominence since the September 11 terrorist attack in the USA provide both the starting point and the focus for this comprehensive survey of contemporary security issues in the Caribbean. This volume assesses the impact of the 9/11 terrorist attack on Caribbean states and examines the institutional and operational terrorism response capacity of security agencies in the region. However, understanding security challenge and change in the Caribbean context requires a broad-based multidimensional approach; terrorism for the small, open and vulnerable nation states of the Caribbean region is a real security issue but even more so, is a range of untraditional threats like crime, drug trafficking, territorial disputes, environmental degradation and the rapid spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. How these states adapt policies and practices to adjust to the new regional and global circumstances represent the challenge and the change.
This volume brings together contributions by eleven noted specialists on peace and security issues in the Caribbean. All chapters are based on recent research on the radically transformed regional situation in the post Cold-War context. Particular emphasis is placed on the formulation of security policies by the most relevant security actors, including both external powers present in the region, independent states and subregional groupings. This discussion is placed in the framework of post Cold-War security outlooks which focus on 'non-traditional' threats, mainly drugs and illegal migration.