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South Africa is a society that, sadly, has been divided against itself even at the best of times. Beginning with the initial advent of colonialism on the southern tip of the African continent, through to the later spawning of apartheid as well as in its nascent democracy, divisions have continually been manifest in varying form and content, along racial, ethnic, class, religious, language, political or other socio-economic and cultural lines. Unlike most societies, South Africa is a natural laboratory for psycho-social research yet it has been foreign researchers who have conducted most of the behavioural studies on the human condition in the country. South African psychologists seem to have steered clear of involvement in researching any major policy impact, especially in recent times when the re-shaping of South African society has been at its height. Each of the authors in this book is South African and, appropriately, has lived through the transition in South Africa and has attempted to understand the changes at both professional and personal levels. The contributors were each asked to write a chapter that would explore the South African socio-political terrain from within their fields of expertise and so help others navigate the uncharted future with less trepidation.'
This handbook offers a comprehensive review on career guidance, with an emphasis on the applied aspects of guidance together with research methods and perspectives. It features contributions from more than 30 leading authorities in the field from Asia, Africa, America, Australasia and Europe and draws upon a wide range of career guidance paradigms and theoretical perspectives. This handbook covers such subjects as educational and vocational guidance in a social context, theoretical foundations, educational and vocational guidance in practice, specific target groups, testing and assessment, and evaluation.
This comprehensive study of a range of contemporary career issues faced by both individuals and organizations has been revised and updated to reflect the most recent research and trends. The primary thrust of the latest edition is change—organizational change, changes in the work force, and changes in peoples lives. Among the topics discussed are the meaning of work, the implication of change on careers, career planning and management, practical applications of career choice, and organizational support practices. A glossary of terms has also been included to aid in the comprehension of the concepts related to each chapter.
The paper looks at the dynamics of employment in South Africa and examines the factors that contributed to the job-shedding observed during the recent financial crisis. The paper finds that the rapid growth of the real wage, which outpaced the labor productivity growth in most sectors, played an important role in suppressing employment creation. The paper also finds that while there is a co-integrating link between the real wage and labor productivity, the deviations from equilibrium are persistent and thus contribute to a weak link between real wage growth and labor productivity growth in the short term. This finding is also supported by a cross-country analysis, which shows that in South Africa the link between the real wage and labor productivity is substantially weaker than in other emerging markets, even after controlling for labor market tightness indicators.
South Africa’s high rate of unemployment (26.4%) makes it a complete outlier compared with other middle-income countries. Indeed, the unemployment rate rises to 36% if discouraged workers are taken into account. It underpins extreme poverty and inequality and is a major contributor to social dislocation. If it were not for increased social payments, poverty would have continued to increase since the advent of democracy in 1994. Unemployment also represents a huge cost to growth. This book focuses on the growth path of the economy. The starting point is that while more rapid economic expansion is an important objective, at any given level of growth, the economy as a whole needs to become more labour-absorbing. The central question posed is how to bring about changes in the economic structure and pattern of development, which would lead to the attainment of this objective. The authors argue that employment needs to be much more centrally positioned within the economic and social policy arena. They emphasise innovative approaches within a broader focus on the growth path, and employment-intensive growth. And they posit that the negative impact of previous ‘distortions’ requires much more than a levelling of the playing field via market-based reforms. Apart from presenting an alternative growth path which could start to shift the economy in new directions, the book tackles themes which have received only limited attention, such as wage subsidies, youth unemployment and employment growth in rural areas.
'Investment in South Africa is low, real interest rates are high, the employment-intensity of growth has been relatively slow. The "employment-targeted program" advocated in this book seeks to reverse these tendencies by lowering average interest rates and channeling subsidized credit to labor-intensive, pro-poor activities, particularly small-scale agriculture and small and medium-sized enterprises. This is a bold program and by challenging conventional "inflation-targeted" economic policy, the book makes a major contribution to the debate on economic policy in South Africa.' - Keith B. Griffin, University of California-Riverside, US The people of South Africa, and the African National Congress-led government, have made extraordinary social and economic advances since ending apartheid and beginning the transition to democracy in 1994. But the country still faces severe problems of mass unemployment, underemployment and poverty. This study, sponsored by the United Nations Development Program, presents a detailed economic program designed to produce major reductions in unemployment and poverty, and a general spreading of economic well-being, and to achieve these ends in a manner that is sustainable over a longer-term framework.
Women's careers have been a topic of research and discussion in many disciplines including sociology, business, industrial, organisational and vocational psychology, and career guidance. Despite the introduction of equal employment legislation in many countries, women’s patterns of career development continue to reflect structural labour market disadvantage. This unique book brings together expert contributions from academic researchers, as well as representing the voices of older women who participated in an international research investigation. Grounded in multidisciplinary empirical studies, the book provides: • a variety of perspectives on women's careers in the 21st century • an international exploration of the voice of the older woman • an understanding of both the challenges and responses to women as they construct their careers. Offering a comprehensive understanding of women’s career development throughout the lifespan, this book will be of key interest to academics and researchers from the fields of education, psychology, management, geography, labour market economics and sociology, as well as career practitioners, managers, trainers, researchers and policy developers.
Detailed attention to compliance with labour and employment laws is crucial for success in setting up business in a foreign country. This book – one of a series derived from Kluwer's matchless publication International Labour and Employment Compliance Handbook – focuses on the relevant laws and regulations in South Africa. It is thoroughly practical in orientation. Employers and their counsel can be assured that it ful?lls the need for accurate and detailed knowledge of laws in South Africa on all aspects of employment, from recruiting to termination, working conditions, compensation and bene?ts to collective bargaining. The volume proceeds in a logical sequence through such topics as the following: - written and oral contracts - interviewing and screening - evaluations and warnings - severance pay - reductions in force - temporary workers - trade union rights - wage and hour laws - employee bene?ts - workers' compensation - safety and environmental regulations - immigration law compliance - restrictive covenants - anti-discrimination laws - employee privacy rights - dispute resolution - recordkeeping requirements A wealth of practical features such as checklists of do's and don'ts, step-by-step compliance measures, applicable ?nes and penalties, and much more contribute to the book's day-to-day usefulness. Easy to understand for lawyers and non-lawyers alike, this book is sure to be welcomed by business executives and human resources professionals, as well as by corporate counsel and business lawyers.