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Since airports in metropolitan areas complement and interact with each other, they must be planned and operated as part of a system of airports. Furthermore, as air traffic continues to increase, more airports in metropolitan areas approach and reach capacity operation. Therefore, it is desirable to plan each airport in a metropolitan area as part of a system of airports in order to obtain the most efficient traffic flow, as well as the most efficient use of facilities. The operational factors involved in planning a system of airports in metropolitan areas are analyzed and used to determine the causes of congestion. Data obtained from previous studies is used to understand and demonstrate the operational factors and congestion. Airport congestion is defined in quantitative form for an individual airport and a system of airports. A methodology is presented that permits the many factors affecting the operation of an airport in a metropolitan system area to be evaluated quantitatively. The annual demand at which these airports will reach their practical annual capacity is determined by considering the effects of airport interactions and by determining quantitatively when congestion will occur at one airport and in the airport system. (Author).
Since airports in metropolitan areas complement and interact with each other, they must be planned and operated as part of a system of airports. Furthermore, as air traffic continues to increase, more airports in metropolitan areas approach and reach capacity operation. Therefore, it is desirable to plan each airport in a metropolitan area as part of a system of airports in order to obtain the most efficient traffic flow, as well as the most efficient use of facilities. The operational factors involved in planning a system of airports in metropolitan areas are analyzed and used to determine the causes of congestion. Data obtained from previous studies is used to understand and demonstrate the operational factors and congestion. Airport congestion is defined in quantitative form for an individual airport and a system of airports. A methodology is presented that permits the many factors affecting the operation of an airport in a metropolitan system area to be evaluated quantitatively. The annual demand at which these airports will reach their practical annual capacity is determined by considering the effects of airport interactions and by determining quantitatively when congestion will occur at one airport and in the airport system. (Author).
At the request of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Transportation Research Board of the National Research Council assembled an expert committee to provide advice on alternative strategies that might be adopted to meet long-term airport capacity needs. The committee was charged with four tasks: (1) to examine long-term airport capacity needs and measures to meet these needs; (2) to formulate alternative strategies reflecting varying assumptions about the growth of air traffic and intercity travel demand, technological development, government roles, and institutional arrangements; (3) to identify the advantages and disadvantages of these strategies; and (4) to recommend strategies for further analysis and evaluation by FAA. This report presents the committee's findings.
Because capacity at existing airports was limited and/or because the cost of congestion was becoming unacceptable, several large cities around the world have had to build a second or third major commercial airport to keep up with the demand for air transportation. Such groups of competing airports are called multi-airport systems (M.A.S.) There is extensive historical evidence suggesting that multi-airport systems have often been poorly understood, resulting in disastrous investments such as the construction of airports that remained underused for very long periods of time. The purpose of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the ways M.A.S.s function. First, we consider qualitative characteristics of multi-airport systems, showing the importance of market forces. Then, we build an airport market share model that captures the dynamics of the market, where airlines and air passengers select an airport on the basis of a broad range of factors. Case studies are carried out for several origin-destination markets out of three large metropolitan areas: New York, Washington-Baltimore, and the San Francisco Bay Area. The results show that an airport market share can be well approximated by using few explanatory variables: frequency of service and average fare at the designated airport, and average fare at competing airports. In spite of the relative simplicity of our statistical model, we obtain a good fit between observed and predicted market shares. The explanatory variables are statistically significant and the estimated elasticities (direct price, frequency, and cross-price) are consistent with intuition. We conclude by highlighting the limitations of the model and by suggesting some implications concerning the construction of new airports in metropolitan areas and the potential for regional airports to alleviate the congestion problems at large metropolitan airports.