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This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
This latest book in the Clinical Cases in Cardiology series presents a variety of commonly and rarely encountered cases associated with ​cardio-oncology. It explores the history of the discipline and each case described features concise practically orientated information on how to appropriately carry out physical examinations and utilize diagnostic tests including electrocardiography and monoclonal antibodies. Practically focused guidance is also provided on how to apply therapeutic techniques and the latest management strategies appropriately. Clinical Cases in Cardio-Oncology provides a concise practically applicable guide of how to diagnose and treat a range of conditions associated with ​cardio-oncology, making it a critical addition to the literature on the topic and a valuable resource for all medical practitioners who encounter these patients in their day-to-day practice.
Cancer care today often provides state-of-the-science biomedical treatment, but fails to address the psychological and social (psychosocial) problems associated with the illness. This failure can compromise the effectiveness of health care and thereby adversely affect the health of cancer patients. Psychological and social problems created or exacerbated by cancer-including depression and other emotional problems; lack of information or skills needed to manage the illness; lack of transportation or other resources; and disruptions in work, school, and family life-cause additional suffering, weaken adherence to prescribed treatments, and threaten patients' return to health. Today, it is not possible to deliver high-quality cancer care without using existing approaches, tools, and resources to address patients' psychosocial health needs. All patients with cancer and their families should expect and receive cancer care that ensures the provision of appropriate psychosocial health services. Cancer Care for the Whole Patient recommends actions that oncology providers, health policy makers, educators, health insurers, health planners, researchers and research sponsors, and consumer advocates should undertake to ensure that this standard is met.
This book is organized into 4 sections, each looking at the question of outcome prediction in cancer from a different angle. The first section describes the clinical problem and some of the predicaments that clinicians face in dealing with cancer. Amongst issues discussed in this section are the TNM staging, accepted methods for survival analysis and competing risks. The second section describes the biological and genetic markers and the rôle of bioinformatics. Understanding of the genetic and environmental basis of cancers will help in identifying high-risk populations and developing effective prevention and early detection strategies. The third section provides technical details of mathematical analysis behind survival prediction backed up by examples from various types of cancers. The fourth section describes a number of machine learning methods which have been applied to decision support in cancer. The final section describes how information is shared within the scientific and medical communities and with the general population using information technology and the World Wide Web. * Applications cover 8 types of cancer including brain, eye, mouth, head and neck, breast, lungs, colon and prostate* Include contributions from authors in 5 different disciplines* Provides a valuable educational tool for medical informatics
This comprehensive encyclopedic reference provides rapid access to focused information on topics of cancer research for clinicians, research scientists and advanced students. Given the overwhelming success of the first edition, which appeared in 2001, and fast development in the different fields of cancer research, it has been decided to publish a second fully revised and expanded edition. With an A-Z format of over 7,000 entries, more than 1,000 contributing authors provide a complete reference to cancer. The merging of different basic and clinical scientific disciplines towards the common goal of fighting cancer makes such a comprehensive reference source all the more timely.
Advances in Cancer Research
Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Discoveries that a small subset of cellular genes --- proto-oncogenes --- are frequent targets of carinogenic insults or chance that convert them to oncogenes have opened new areas of approach to understanding and eventually controlling the events leading to cancer. New technology has made it possible not only to identify genes involved in the etiology of cancer, but to dissect their molecular composition. This symposium brought together scientists from areas of carcinogenesis and molecular biology to review the state-of-the-art in this field. The papers presented in this proceedings volume can be grouped into four broad areas: the mechanisms of onc gene activation and associations of onc genes with tumours, the mechanisms of onc gene action, the physiology of proto-onc genes, and the discovery and characterization of new onc genes.