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Social Policy and Practice in Canada: A History traces the history of social policy in Canada from the period of First Nations’ control to the present day, exploring the various ways in which residents of the area known today as Canada have organized themselves to deal with (or to ignore) the needs of the ill, the poor, the elderly, and the young. This book is the first synthesis on social policy in Canada to provide a critical perspective on the evolution of social policy in the country. While earlier work has treated each new social program as a major advance, and reacted with shock to neoliberalism’s attack on social programs, Alvin Finkel demonstrates that right-wing and left-wing forces have always battled to shape social policy in Canada. He argues that the notion of a welfare state consensus in the period after 1945 is misleading, and that the social programs developed before the neoliberal counteroffensive were far less radical than they are sometimes depicted. Social Policy and Practice in Canada: A History begins by exploring the non-state mechanisms employed by First Nations to insure the well-being of their members. It then deals with the role of the Church in New France and of voluntary organizations in British North America in helping the unfortunate. After examining why voluntary organizations gradually gave way to state-controlled programs, the book assesses the evolution of social policy in Canada in a variety of areas, including health care, treatment of the elderly, child care, housing, and poverty.
Between 1945 and 1981 the Canadian population doubled, while the number of dwellings more than tripled. John Miron shows how changes in demographic structure and housing affordability affected postwar household formation and housing demand. He argues that no single explanation adequately reflects the extent of the impact of the demographic trends and the economic changes.
Social policy shapes the daily lives of every Canadian citizen and should reflect the beliefs of a majority of Canadians on just approaches to the promotion of health, safety, and well-being. Too often, those on the front lines—social workers, nurses, and teachers—observe that policies do not work well for the most vulnerable groups in society. In the first part of this new edition of Canadian Social Policy, Westhues and Wharf argue that service deliverers have discretion in how policies are implemented, and the exercise of this discretion is how citizens experience policy—whether or not it is fair and reasonable. They show the reader how social policy is made and they encourage active citizenship to produce policies that are more socially just. New material includes an examination of the reproduction of systemic racism through the implementation of human rights policy and a comparative analysis of the policy-making process in Quebec and English Canada. The second part of the book discusses policy issues currently under debate in Canada. Included are new chapters that explore parental leave policies and housing as a determinant of health. All chapters contain newly updated statistical data and research and policy analysis. A reworked section on the process of policy-making and the addition of questions for critical reflection enhance the suitability of the book as a core resource in social policy courses. The final chapter explores how front-line workers in the human services can advocate for change in organizational policies that will benefit the people supported.
The people, forces, and events that have shaped post-war Canada
Acknowledgements Introduction Part 1 - Conceptualizing the Social Economy 1. Defining the Social Economy Part 2 - An Overview to the Social Economy 2. An Overview to Co-operatives 3. Non-profits in Public Service 4. Mutual Non-profits Part 3 - Case Studies 5. Community Economic Development 6. Social Housing 7. Social Service 8. Social Capital Part 4 - Overcoming the Obstacles 9. Building a Social Economy Notes Selected Bibliography Index
"In these two volumes, which replace the Reader's Guide to Canadian History, experts provide a select and critical guide to historical writing about pre- and post-Confederation Canada, with an emphasis on the most recent scholarship" -- Cover.
Housing allowances have become increasingly important policy instruments in the advanced welfare states. Operating at the interface between housing and social security policy, they provide means-tested assistance with housing costs for low income households. In the present era of fiscal austerity, such schemes are seen by many governments as a more efficient way to help tenants than rent controls or 'bricks and mortar' subsidies to landlords. Yet as the contributions to this collection show, housing allowances are not without problems of their own, especially in relation to housing consumption and work incentives. This book examines income-related housing allowance schemes in advanced welfare states as well as in transition economies of central and eastern Europe. Drawing on experiences in ten countries, including Britain, Sweden, Germany, Australia and the USA, it presents new evidence on the origins and design of housing allowances; their role within housing and social security policy; their impact on affordability; and current policy debates and recent reforms. Unique in it's depth of coverage, Housing Allowances in Comparative Perspective is essential reading for researchers, students and lecturers in social policy, housing and urban studies.
Urban Sociology in Canada, Second Edition introduces the fundamentals of the theoretical structure of Canadian urban studies. The book is comprised of 11 chapters that are organized into six parts. The text provides census data of various Canadian cities along with urban empirical studies to help illustrate the generalization and concepts. The book first covers the classical foundations of urban sociology, and then proceeds to discussing the growth of urban system. The third part talks about the process of entrance to the urban system, while the fourth part deals with the spatial shape of the urban system. The last two parts tackle urbanism and the regulation of urban system, respectively. The book will be of great use to social scientists who involve urban population as the main demographics of their research study.
The contributors to this volume demonstrate the richness and diversity of the social landscapes and communities in Canadian urban centres, emphasizing changes which occurred in the period from the mid 1960s to the early 1990s. The nineteen non-technical and integrative essays include reviews of the literature, empirical studies, and discussions of policy issues. CONTENTS Introduction * The Social Context and Diversity of Urban Canada -- David F. Ley and Larry S. Bourne Part One - Patterns: People and Place in Urban Canada * Evolving Urban Landscapes -- D.W. Holdsworth * Measuring the Social Ecology of Cities -- W.K.D. Davies and R.A. Murdie * Demography, Living Arrangement, and Residential Geography -- J.R. Miron * Urban Social Behaviour in Time and Space -- D.G. Janelle Part Two - Contexts: Social Structure and Urban Space * Migration, Mobility, and Population Redistribution -- E.G. Moore and M.W. Rosenberg * The Emerging Ethnocultural Mosaic -- S.H. Olson and A.L. Kobayashi * Work, Labour Markets, and Households in Transition -- D. Rose and P. Villeneuve * Housing Markets, Community Development, and Neighbourhood Change -- Larry S. Bourne and T. Bunting Part Three - Places: Selected Locales * Integrating Production and Consumption: Industry, Class, Ethnicity, and the Jews of Toronto -- D. Hiebert * Past Elites and Present Gentry: Neighbourhoods of Privilege in the Inner City -- David F. Ley * From Periphery to Centre: The Changing Geography of the Suburbs -- L.J. Evenden and G.E. Walker * The Social Geography of Small Towns -- J.C. Everitt and A.M. Gill Part Four - Needs: Social Well-being and Public Policy * Social Planning and the Welfare State -- J.T. Lemon * The Meaning of Home, Home Ownership, and Public Policy -- R. Harris and G.J. Pratt * Homelessness -- M.J. Dear and J. Wolch * Geography of Urban Health -- S.M. Taylor * Changing Access to Public and Private Services: Non-family Childcare -- S. Mackenzie and M. Truelove * Cities as a Social Responsibility: Planning and Urban Form -- P.J. Smith and P.W. Moore