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This book presents recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) imaging and display frameworks, encompassing three categories of 3D imaging and display technologies. The first category is nonphotorealistic 3D approaches based on conventional optical cameras to implement 3D stereoscopic observation of a scene. In the context of nonphotorealistic 3D imaging and reconstruction systems, the authors introduce general principles and also demonstrate camera calibration for 3D imaging, smart cameras, and full-link imaging methods using the optical modulation transfer function to improve imaging quality in conventional cameras. The second category is based on light-ray light field technology to achieve photorealistic 3D imaging and displays. In the context of light-ray light field systems, two approaches capable of light-ray light field 3D imaging by utilizing a camera array or a lens array are demonstrated. Accordingly, light-ray light field display approaches comprising head-mounted displays and integral displays are also introduced. The third category is also photorealistic 3D imaging and display technology, which is based on holography (i.e., diffraction or wavefront light field). In the corresponding holographic displays, the authors introduce 3D holographic displays from three elements: algorithms, devices, and systems, involving fast hologram generation algorithms, wide-viewing-angle display systems, and metasurface holography, etc. Including an investigative roadmap for future progress in optical imaging and 3D display systems, this book is essential reading for scientists and engineers in academia and industry who are interested in next-generation imaging and display concepts for 3D visual sensing systems.
The Springer Handbook of Augmented Reality presents a comprehensive and authoritative guide to augmented reality (AR) technology, its numerous applications, and its intersection with emerging technologies. This book traces the history of AR from its early development, discussing the fundamentals of AR and its associated science. The handbook begins by presenting the development of AR over the last few years, mentioning the key pioneers and important milestones. It then moves to the fundamentals and principles of AR, such as photogrammetry, optics, motion and objects tracking, and marker-based and marker-less registration. The book discusses both software toolkits and techniques and hardware related to AR, before presenting the applications of AR. This includes both end-user applications like education and cultural heritage, and professional applications within engineering fields, medicine and architecture, amongst others. The book concludes with the convergence of AR with other emerging technologies, such as Industrial Internet of Things and Digital Twins. The handbook presents a comprehensive reference on AR technology from an academic, industrial and commercial perspective, making it an invaluable resource for audiences from a variety of backgrounds.
With the rapid growth of computing and display technologies, digital holography (DH) has undergone significant advancement in the past two decades. Contemporary research works have enabled holography, a technology which is originally intended for displaying three-dimensional (3-D) images, to be deployed in numerous scientific, engineering, and bio-medical applications. Notably, digital holography has been incorporated into quite a number of contemporary applications, such as, but limited to holographic cryptography, optical metrology, remote sensing and inspection, and more recently, quantum computing. The success attained with DH so far does not limit its development to its current state-of-the-art, but rather research on holography keeps on expanding, with new ideas and methods keep coming up in a sustainable manner. This Research Topic aims to collect representative works from experts in the field, with the aim of providing an insight on the overall picture on digital holography, as well as reporting existing methodologies and emerging technologies that are likely to have strong impact on future research directions. Participating in the Research Topic, either as authors or readers, also facilitates establishing a platform for researchers to network, and to share their knowledge.
Like virtual reality, augmented reality is becoming an emerging platform in new application areas for museums, edutainment, home entertainment, research, industry, and the art communities using novel approaches which have taken augmented reality beyond traditional eye-worn or hand-held displays. In this book, the authors discuss spatial augmented r
Digital holography and its application to 3-D display is one of the formidable problems of evolving areas of high technology to receive great attention in recent years. This book offers a collection of key chapters that covers digital holography and 3-D display techniques to provide the state-of-the-art developments in these important areas. The book contains research material as well as reviews, new ideas and fresh insights.
The merging of metasurface and holography brings about unprecedented opportunities for versatile manipulation of light in terms of both far-field wavefront and near-field profile. In this book, a brief evolving history from surface plasmon polariton holography to metamaterial holography and finally to metasurface holography is introduced at first. Basic physical mechanisms that govern the phase modulation rules behind metasurface holography design are discussed later. Next, extended functionalities such as arbitrary polarization holography, vectorial holography, full-color holography, and hybrid holography achieved in the metasurface platform are presented. Surface wave and metagrating holography that bridges the on-chip surface wave and free-space wave is also introduced. In the end, we envisage practical applications of high-fidelity 3D holographic display, high-secure encryption, and high capacity digital encoding and also indicate remaining challenges based on metasurface holography.
Computational Photography combines plentiful computing, digital sensors, modern optics, actuators, probes, and smart lights to escape the limitations of traditional film cameras and enables novel imaging applications. This book provides a practical guide to topics in image capture and manipulation methods for generating compelling pictures for graphics, special effects, scene comprehension, and art. The computational techniques discussed cover topics in exploiting new ideas in manipulating optics, illumination, and sensors at time of capture. In addition, the authors describe sophisticated reconstruction procedures from direct and indirect pixel measurements that go well beyond the traditional digital darkroom experience.
This is the first book written on using Blender (an open-source visualization suite widely used in the entertainment and gaming industries) for scientific visualization. It is a practical and interesting introduction to Blender for understanding key parts of 3D rendering that pertain to the sciences via step-by-step guided tutorials. Any time you see an awesome science animation in the news, you will now know how to develop exciting visualizations and animations with your own data. 3D Scientific Visualization with Blender takes you through an understanding of 3D graphics and modeling for different visualization scenarios in the physical sciences. This includes guides and tutorials for: understanding and manipulating the interface; generating 3D models; understanding lighting, animation, and camera control; and scripting data import with the Python API. The agility of Blender and its well organized Python API make it an exciting and unique visualization suite every modern scientific/engineering workbench should include. Blender provides multiple scientific visualizations including: solid models/surfaces/rigid body simulations; data cubes/transparent/translucent rendering; 3D catalogs; N-body simulations; soft body simulations; surface/terrain maps; and phenomenological models. The possibilities for generating visualizations are considerable via this ever growing software package replete with a vast community of users providing support and ideas.
This renowned text applies the powerful mathematical methods of fourier analysis to the analysis and synthesis of optical systems. These ubiquitous mathematical tools provide unique insights into the capabilities and limitations of optical systems in both imaging and information processing and lead to many fascinating applications, including the field of holography.
This book covers basic- to expert-level applications in computer holography, a strong candidate for the ultimate 3D display technology. The computer holography developed in the course of the past decade represents the basis of wave optics. Accordingly, the book presents the basic theory of wave optics and practical techniques for handling wave fields by means of the fast Fourier transform. Numerical techniques based on polygons, as well as mask-based techniques, are also presented for calculating the optical fields of virtual 3D models with occlusion processing. The book subsequently describes simulation techniques for very large-scale optical fields, and addresses the basics and concrete applications of simulation, offering a valuable resource for readers who need to employ it in the context of developing optical devices. To aid in comprehension, the main content is complemented by numerous examples of optical fields and photographs of reconstructed 3D images.