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This report examines the deaths of California law enforcement officers during the five-year period from January 1, 1995 to December 31, 1999. Particular attention is paid to the cases involving 66 peace officers whose deaths were a result of accidents and felonious assaults. The focus of gathering and analyzing this data is to identify points of practical significance for peace officer safety training and to make recommendations for improvement.
This report examines felonious and accidental deaths of peace officers and assaults that occurred in California between 2000 and 2004. Unfortunately, the following took place: 23 California peace officers were feloniously killed; 37 California peace officers were accidentally killed; 40,080 California peace officers were assaulted. Although this is a significant decrease of 10 felonious peace officer deaths from the previous 5 years, accidental deaths increased by 4 more peace officers, while over 5,800 more peace officers were assaulted. This 5-year study of law enforcement officers assaulted and killed examines 40,080 assaults and 60 deaths of California peace officers from January 1, 2000 through December 31, 2004. The report's objective is to provide information, findings, and recommendations so that the number of peace officer deaths and assault incidents can be reduced and ultimately prevented.
This report examines assaults and the line-of-duty deaths of California law enforcement officers' agencies during the five-year period January 1, 1990 to December 31, 1994. Particular attention is paid to the cases involving 54 peace officers from 31 agencies where deaths were a result of accidents and felonious assaults. The focus of gathering and analyzing data for those lost to felonious assaults and accidents is to identify points of practical significance for peace officer safety training and to make recommendations for improvement.
These guidelines, principally oriented toward police training, are intended for the optional use of California law enforcement agencies to enhance officer safety practices and techniques. A general guideline advises that each agency should reinforce -- through directives, internal training, or certified training courses -- the need for officers to follow accepted safety procedures and tactics when responding to hazardous situations. Overall, the guidelines are intended to implement planned responses to hazardous situations, define and standardize the actions of primary and backup officers, and minimize risks. Topics encompassed by the 13 guidelines include knowledge of risky field situations, techniques for handling drunk or mentally ill persons, robbery-in-progress calls, serving arrest or search warrants, dealing at close range with suspicious persons, and preventing an officer's handgun from being taken by a suspect. Supplemental recommendations by the Advisory Committee for the Study of California Peace Officers Killed in the Line of Duty pertain to the review of serious assaults on officers, training in interpersonal communications skills, and training in the importance of an officer's 'will to survive.'
The Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reports Section selected and analyzed 51 incidents of police officer killings in order to evaluate the psychology of the offender, the behavior of the police officer, and circumstances in which the police officer lost his or her life. The study was conducted over a 3-year period; the 51 incidents resulted in the death of 54 police officers and involved 50 offenders. Results demonstrated that, while no single offender profile could be established, most killers of police officers had been diagnosed as having some type of personality disorder. Behavioral descriptors of victims were frequently similar in that they were good-natured and more conservative than their fellow officers in the use of physical force. The incidents themselves revealed that killings were often facilitated by some type of procedural miscue (e.g., improper approach to a vehicle). Type of assignment, circumstances at the scene of an encounter, weapons involved, and the environment in which events occurred all played a role in the preponderance of police officer deaths in the South. The report presents extensive information on the victims, offenders, and incidents studied. It identifies personality types of offenders, provides guidance on how individuals of a given personality type interact with authority figures, and offers approaches to interrogation. The report also points out specific areas where law enforcement training and procedures may be improved. Appendixes contain the study methodology and a description of personality types.
The primary emphasis of this study was to examine the circumstances surrounding those incidents in which California peace officers were feloniously killed while carrying out their on-duty responsibilities. A comprehensive approach was used to examine the relevant issues with the intent of identifying significant factors that may have an effect on these killings. Due to its depth, the study has resulted in the identification of several elements contributing to the death of California peace officers. Analysis of these findings will lead to the development of guidelines that law enforcement agencies may use to better enable officers to deal with life-threatening situations. Subsequently, the basic training course for peace officers will be reviewed and revised as necessary to bring curricula into conformance with the guidelines. Early in the study, criteria were established to assist in the identification of those felonious killing incidents from which training issues could be most readily identified and properly addressed through analyses. After review of all the incidents, 41 killings were selected for in-depth study. In order to increase the validity of these findings, peace officers feloniously assaulted with a firearm were added to the study findings. These cases were limited to those in which a firearm was used, since 48 of the 91 officer killings were perpetrated with a firearm.
This study investigates issues relative to assessing and addressing risks to officer safety. The study was conducted over a 3-year period and addressed 40 distinct cases of serious assaults on law enforcement officers. The cases involved 52 victim officers and 42 offenders. Routine, repetitive tasks emerged as a continuing threat to officer safety. Traffic stops, searches, and use of handcuffs are examples of tasks that should be second nature to officers but presented problems to the victims in the cases studied. Officers cited training as critical to the actions they took to protect themselves. Post-assault trauma and recovery proved to be areas that perhaps have not received appropriate attention from the law enforcement community. Many of the victim officers in the study displayed an uncommon "will to survive," an attitude many officers attributed to their survival training. This article reports extensive information on the victims, offenders, and incidents studied, and identifies specific areas where law enforcement training and procedures may be improved. Figures, tables, appendixes, references.