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Examining California's formative years, this innovative study seeks to discover the origins of the California dream and the social, psychological, and symbolic impact it has had not only on Californians but also on the rest of the country.
Just before the gold Rush, two newspapers on the Atlantic coast received a series of letters from "W.G." in Monterey, California. The letters reported on political events, detailed the natural resources and possibilities for agriculture, commerce, lumbering and mining, and customs of the Californios. Methods of capturing wild horses (and the Indians' techniques of stealing tame ones), bull and bear baiting, a horseback wedding, Christmas customs, furniture, fandangos, and cultural changes resulting from the advent of Americans, all were recounted in a refreshingly straightforward style. Extensive research into contemporary documents by the late Donald Munro Craig established the identity of "W.G." as an expatriate Englishman named William Robert Garner. And Garner's experience as whaler, lumberman, rancher, miner, long-time Monterey resident, participant in revolutions, sheriff of Monterery, and secretary to the American alcalade, Walter Colton, made him a uniquely understanding reporter. George P. Hammond, Director Emeritus of the Bancroft Library, has remarked that this work is "one of the best such contributions to come to light in many years. The biographical sketch of William Robert Garner is comprehensive and informative--well researched and well written. The Letters themselves are extremely interesting, and as a source material are of first-rate relevance and importance."
During her three years as matron of the Female Prison at Sing Sing, 1844-1848, Eliza Burhans Farnham (1815-1864) tried to institute reforms based on phrenology. Discharged from the post, she soon learned that her lawyer-husband had died in California, leaving her with affairs to settle there. Farnham set about organizing a pioneer party of single, educated women to join her in the voyage round the Horn. California, in-doors and out (1856) opens with a description of her harrowing voyage round the Horn in 1849. In 1850 Farnham and her children moved to El Rancho La Libertad, the Santa Cruz farm left to her by her husband. She describes her experiences as a farmer, the position of women in California, mining life, the history of the Donner Expedition based on interviews with survivors, and the 1856 San Francisco Vigilance Committee.
California during the gold rush was a place of disputed claims, shoot-outs, gambling halls, and prostitution; a place populated by that rough and rebellious figure, the forty-niner; in short, a place that seems utterly unconnected to middle-class culture. In American Alchemy, however, Brian Roberts offers a surprising challenge to this assumption. Roberts points to a long-neglected truth of the gold rush: many of the northeastern forty-niners who ventured westward were in fact middle-class in origin, status, and values. Tracing the experiences and adventures both of these men and of the "unseen" forty-niners--women who stayed back East while their husbands went out West--he shows that, whatever else the gold seekers abandoned on the road to California, they did not simply turn their backs on middle-class culture. Ultimately, Roberts argues, the story told here reveals an overlooked chapter in the history of the formation of the middle class. While the acquisition of respectability reflects one stage in this history, he says, the gold rush constitutes a second stage--a rebellion against standards of respectability.
compiled and written by the Federal writers' project of the Works progress administration for the state of California ... Sponsored by Mabel R. Gillis, California state librarian.