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Ernest de Massey was the younger son of a well-to-do French family that sailed to America and the Gold Rush in the spring of 1849. He eventually settled in San Francisco, where he lived until his return to Europe in 1857. A Frenchman in the gold rush (1927) is a translation of de Massey's journal covering his voyage to California, gold mining on the Trinity River, 1850, and visits to San José, Santa Cruz, and San Juan Bautista; and his career as a San Francisco businessman and journalist, 1850-1851.
Every California schoolchild's first interaction with history begins with the missions and Indians. It is the pastoralist image, of course, and it is a lasting one. Children in elementary school hear how Father Serra and the priests brought civilization to the groveling, lizard- and acorn-eating Indians of such communities as Yang-na, now Los Angeles. So edified by history, many of those children drag their parents to as many missions as they can. Then there is the other side of the missions, one that a mural decorating a savings and loan office in the San Fernando Valley first showed to me as a child. On it a kindly priest holds a large cross over a kneeling Indian. For some reason, though, the padre apparently aims not to bless the Indian but rather to bludgeon him with the emblem of Christianity. This portrait, too, clings to the memory, capturing the critical view of the missionization of California's indigenous inhabitants. I carried the two childhood images with me both when I went to libraries as I researched the missions and when I revisited several missions thirty years after those family trips. In this work I proceed neither to dubunk nor to reconcile these contrary notions of the missions and Indians but to present a new and, I hope, deeper understanding of the complex interaction of the two antithetical cultures.