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Jacob Leisler has been more an icon in historical writing than a person. That the icon has served very different groups over the centuries only shows that is has had little to do with the real person. In his own century he was both the fanatical and villainous despot and the martyred hero. In later times he was a forerunner of American democracy, and a symbol of colonial rebelliousness. He has also been pilloried in the Catholic press, not without justification, although Catholics were not among those treated most harshly during his administration. To Marxist theoreticians he was a voice for the proletariat; to National Socialist propagandists he was a German martyr. In short, much that has been written about Leisler has had to do with the interests of various groups and causes, many of them unrelated, or only distantly related, to anything happening in Leisler's time. It is only today that articles and books are beginning to appear in which his career is examined dispassionately. Many of the untruths are so ingrained that one must almost begin by saying what is not true before going on to discuss what is true about Leisler. Suffice it to say that, despite a long tradition of popular writing that he was base-born, resentful of being outside the mainstream of colonial life and commerce, and failing in his enterprises, he none of these. For much of our enlightenment we are indebted to the research by David William Voorhees, who has assembled copies of several thousand documents from private institutions and government archives from throughout Europe and North America.
In later decades he played a continuing role in the cultural life of the young nation, numbering among his friends and associates a great many other writers, editors, and publishers.".
William Tryon's role in the affairs of British America during the last years of the empire, and his inability to stem the collapse of that empire, makes for a fascinating story. Royal governor of North Carolina from 1765 to 1771 and then of New York from 1771 to 1780, Tryon became a general in the British army attempting to quell the American rebellion. This biography covers his life in service to the Crown through the end of the American Revolution. Paul Nelson argues that Tryon was a talented colonial administrator and a successful, even popular, governor largely because he understood American thinking on such basic constitutional issues as taxation, finance, and trade policy. British home authorities failed to follow Tryon's sage counsel regarding the governance of the colonies, advice that might have forestalled the Revolution. In particular, Tryon, like Edmund Burke and others in Parliament, could not convince British ministers that Americans would never accept internal taxes imposed upon them by London. Once the war broke out and Tryon's role changed from governing to leading Loyalist American troops, he was an advocate of harsh, retributive warfare against his former charges. Nelson follows Tryon's military career, especially his debates with colleagues such as Sir Henry Clinton on the wisdom of hard-line versus conciliatory approach to the fighting. And after the war, Nelson shows, Tryon's connections with those unfortunate Americans who came out on the losing side of the great imperial struggle retained an important place in his life. An exciting drama in its own right, Tryon's story also serves to illuminate a number of issues important to historians of the Revolutionary War. Played out on two continents and in two important American colonies, amid the stirring events that resulted in the formation of the United States of America, Tryon's life is significant for understanding many aspects of politics and society in the Anglo-American world of the eighteenth century. Originally published in 1990. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
The late seventeenth century in America was important as an era of transition from rough settlement to established provincial life. It was a time when social, political, and economic problems caused strains that led to religious doubt, personal anxiety, riot, and one of the worst rebellions in the colonies. New York's situation was further complicated by a series of political changes and a unique bicultural population. Originally published in 1977. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.