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This report presents a cost analysis of 1,3-Butadiene production from carbon monoxide using a two-step process. The process examined is similar to LanzaTech/Invista process. First, carbon monoxide (CO) is fermented forming 2,3-butanediol (BDO). Then, BDO is catalytically converted to 1,3-Butadiene (BD). Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and ethanol are generated as by-products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): (1) US Patent 20130316412, issued to LanzaTech in 2013 (2) US Patent 9452963 issued to Toray Industries in 2016 Keywords: Orochem, SMB, PNNL, SK Innovation, CO-derived BDO, Bio-Butadiene, Thermo-Catalytic Conversion
An introduction to characteristic group frequencies for those who may need to interpret or examine infrared spectra. The characteristic absorptions of functional groups over the entire infrared region (including the far infrared) are given in tables as well as being discussed and amplified in the text. This revised edition (1st ed., 1980) includes a number of new correlation charts. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Haunted by visions of a mysterious stranger making love to her in the dark, Sophie is torn between affections for the guy she's had a crush on for years and strong yearnings for the man of her dreams. And she can't shake the feeling that there is something familiar about her fantasy lover. Then one fateful night, her dreams come to life at the debutante ball where Sophie is swept off her feet for several blissful minutes. But when the masks come off, she is forced to accept the shocking truth: her enigmatic lover is no stranger. Does she deny her deepest desires or pursue a forbidden passion?Please note that this is currently an ARC. Please contact the author direct to request a free ARC.
The matrix isolation (MI) method has now been used for nearly thirty years. During this period it has been actively developed and the range of problems tackled greatly extended. Originally it was used for studies of transient species involv ing vibrational, electronic and ESR spectroscopy. Nowadays the study of transient species forms a comparatively small part of HI work since it has been amply demonstrated that very fruitful information can be obtained of the structure and interactions of stable molecules and their aggregates. In addition to the s~ectroscopic methods mentioned above the MI technique is nowadays a standard method in research based on vibrational relaxation, luminescence, Mossbauer, magnetic circular dichroism, pulsed NMR and photoelectron spectroscopy. The matrix isolation technique affords considerable advantages over more conventional methods in most applications of spectroscopy. Areas where the technique has been widely applied, or shows great potential, include: metal atom chemistry, and its relation to surface chemistry, high temperature inorganic species, transition metal complexes, interstellar species, free radicals and unstable molecules, conformational studies, molecular com plexes, and intermolecular forces.
The Analysis of Drugs of Abuse Edited by Terry A. Gough, The Laboratory of the Government Chemist, Teddington, UK Analytical techniques based on separation processes, such as chromatography and electrophoresis, are finding a growing range of applications in chemical, biochemical and clinical laboratories: The aim of this series is to provide the analyst in these laboratories with well-focused books covering individual techniques and methods. This volume, devoted to the analysis of drugs which are commonly misused, provides a comprehensive source of up-to-date information. Detailed individual chapters are written by experts in the field describing various analytical techniques and applications. A special feature of the book is its emphasis on the complementary roles of chemist, law enforcer and the law maker in combatting drugs smuggling and the need for collaboration. This book will be a valuable reference for chemists, toxicologists and forensic scientists working in the field.
This report presents a cost analysis of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) production from carbon dioxide (CO2) using an electrochemical process. The process examined is similar to Liquid Light process. In this process, CO2 is electrochemically converted to oxalic acid, which is then hydrogenated to MEG.This report examines one-time costs associated with the construction of a United States-based plant and the continuing costs associated with the daily operation of such a plant. More specifically, it discusses:* Capital Investment, broken down by: - Total fixed capital required, divided in production unit (ISBL); infrastructure (OSBL) and contingency - Alternative perspective on the total fixed capital, divided in direct costs, indirect costs and contingency - Working capital and costs incurred during industrial plant commissioning and start-up* Production cost, broken down by: - Manufacturing variable costs (raw materials, utilities) - Manufacturing fixed costs (maintenance costs, operating charges, plant overhead, local taxes and insurance) - Depreciation and corporate overhead costs* Raw materials consumption, products generation and labor requirements* Process block flow diagram and description of industrial site installations (production unit and infrastructure)This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s):US Patents 20140221684 and 20140206895, both issued to Liquid Light in 2014Keywords: Ethylene Glycol, Fiber Grade, Hydrogen Bromide, Bromine, 1,2-Ethanediol