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Seminar paper from the year 2009 in the subject Business economics - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,7, Furtwangen University; Villingen-Schwenningen, language: English, abstract: With this paper I want to provide an understanding of the cultural differences of Germans and Russians in terms of doing business together. Germany is the most important foreign trade partner for Russia and the business relation is forecasted to remain attractive for both parties. (www.auswertiges-amt.de) If managers from different cultures do business together, it is very important to be aware of the cultural differences when conducting business abroad to understand the business partners better. Culture is “something (...) that shapes behavior, or ... structures one’s perception of the world.” (Nancy J. Adler, International Dimensions of Organizational Behaviour, p.54; 2008) There are many aspects to look at, if you compare the German and the Russian culture. I used the cultural dimensions developed by Geert Hofstede and chose three dimensions, which I think are most relevant in this context, to point out cultural differences between Germans and Russians. This paper will first look at the differences in power distance of both countries. Then it goes on with the effects of the different scores in masculinity. The third dimension covered in this paper is uncertainty avoidance. It is to mention that Hofstede has not published any large-scale empirical studies for Russia, but he provided estimates.
In 1945, when the Red Army marched in, eastern Germany was not "occupied" but "liberated." This, until the recent collapse of the Soviet Bloc, is what passed for history in the German Democratic Republic. Now, making use of newly opened archives in Russia and Germany, Norman Naimark reveals what happened during the Soviet occupation of eastern Germany from 1945 through 1949. His book offers a comprehensive look at Soviet policies in the occupied zone and their practical consequences for Germans and Russians alike--and, ultimately, for postwar Europe. In rich and lucid detail, Naimark captures the mood and the daily reality of the occupation, the chaos and contradictions of a period marked by rape and repression, the plundering of factories, the exploitation of German science, and the rise of the East German police state. Never have these practices and their place in the overall Soviet strategy, particularly the political development of the zone, received such thorough treatment. Here we have our first clear view of how the Russians regarded the postwar settlement and the German question, how they made policy on issues from reparations to technology transfer to the acquisition of uranium, how they justified their goals, how they met them or failed, and how they changed eastern Germany in the process. The Russians in Germany also takes us deep into the politics of culture as Naimark explores the ways in which Soviet officers used film, theater, and education to foster the Bolshevization of the zone. Unique in its broad, comparative approach to the Soviet military government in Germany, this book fills in a missing--and ultimately fascinating--chapter in the history of modern Europe.
This book contributes to the debate about a new German power in Europe with an analysis of Germany’s role in European Russia policy. It provides an up-to-date account of Germany’s “Ostpolitik” and how Germany has influenced EU-Russia relations since the Eastern enlargement in 2004 - partly along, partly against the interests and preferences of new member states. The volume combines a rich empirical analysis of Russia policy with a theory-based perspective on Germany’s power and influence in the EU. The findings demonstrate that despite Germany’s central role, exercising power within the EU is dependent on legitimacy and acceptance by other member states.
Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: Germany is Russia s biggest trade partner. According to Russian official statistics, Russia imported 8.1% from and exported 13.4% to Germany in 2006. For Germany, Russia ranks eighth in overall trade volume, with exports about 23 Billion Euro and imports about 30 Billion Euro. Due to high prices for oil and gas, which amount for roughly 60% of Russian exports, the statistics indicates a negative trade balance for Germany since 2003. Germany is Russia s oldest trade partner, as well. No other West-European country has the same history of cultural, social and economical exchange with Russia as Germany does. The very term `German ́ in Russian language was century long the word for all `foreigners ́. Having left behind a century of forced antagonism, both countries are nowadays converging steadily. Today, the Russo-German trade relationships become more and more important for both countries. This paper focuses on the strategies German companies pursue on the Russian market. The fundamental question is empirical in nature: What have German companies done in Russia? . The ultimate aim, however, is to gain empirical evidence for theoretical reasoning: What should German companies do in Russia? . The paper consists of three parts. The first part gives a brief overview over Russo-German trade relations and Direct Foreign Investment. The Second part describes the legal, social and cultural environment in Russia and how German companies cope with it. The third part focuses on their strategy in response to their aims and to the environment. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of Contents: List of Tables7 Executive Summary8 1.INTRODUCTION8 2.METHODOLOGY9 3.TRADE RELATIONS AND INVESTMENT ENVIRONMENT11 3.1BILATERAL TRADE VOLUME11 3.2GERMAN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN RUSSIA13 3.3BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT16 4.LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR INVESTMENT INTO RUSSIA17 4.1LEGAL FORMS OF INVESTMENT17 4.1.1THE REPRESENTATIVE OFFICE17 4.1.2THE BRANCH OFFICE19 4.1.3CORPORATE ENTERPRISES23 4.1.3.1The Limited Liability Company (OOO)26 4.1.3.2The Closed Joint Stock Company (SAO)27 4.1.3.3The Open Joint Stock Company (OAO)28 4.1.4OTHER FORMS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY28 4.1.4.1Joint Partnership29 4.1.4.2Limited Partnership29 4.1.4.3Additional Liability Companies30 4.1.4.4The Production Cooperative30 4.2TAXATION31 5.SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT FOR MARKET ENTRY33 5.1HUMAN RESOURCES33 5.1.1Educational System33 5.1.2Labor Market35 5.1.2.1Current situation in [...]
The relationship between Germany and Russia is Europe's most important link with the largest country on the continent. This book analyses how successive German governments from 1991 to 2014 have misread Russian intentions, until Angela Merkel sharply recalibrated German and EU policy towards Moscow.
Author Dr. Lev Lester conducted negotiations with Russian, American and German companies for more than 25 years, first from the Russian side, and then from the American and German sides. He is not only an expert who has achieved outstanding results in the United States and Germany, but also a researcher, who became a Doctor of Economics in Russia. In this book, he tells how to conduct business negotiations in modern Russia, describing the important features of the Russian and American styles of negotiation. The book contains a large number of case studies from the author's business practices and is designed for a wide range of readers interested in Russia or doing business with the Russians.
Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensführung, Management, Organisation, Note: 1,7, FOM Hochschule für Oekonomie & Management gemeinnützige GmbH, Berlin früher Fachhochschule (International Management), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Russia’s unique, very dynamic and complex business environment has not only caused great business prospects but also some difficult, painful upheaval. Therefore many Western entrepreneurs still associate risk rather than opportunity with Russia. But nevertheless, Russia still remains the world’s largest country in terms of territory spanning nine time zones with a population of over 140 million people. Such massive changes as the liberalization and rapid growth of the Russian economy, its substantial growth in purchasing power and a relative lack of competition in some sectors make that challenging environment an attractive destination for foreign investment – especially for the German. Since 1997 Germany remains Russia’s most important trade partner worldwide. Russia’s exports to Germany went up to 30 Billion Euros in 2006 and 28.8 in 2007. But for the German companies Russian market is not less important – in 2007 the exports to Russia have had an impressing value of 28.2 Billion Euros which has increased to 20.6% from the year before. It must be noted however, that Russia’s traditional exchange of goods with its Western partners mainly sustains of the export of its raw materials (energy) and the import of manufactured goods. Anyway, the close link and the growing dependency of both countries over the years become more and more evident. And both trade partners are considered as quite compatible as it can shortly be described by: “The German Market can deliver whatever the Russian Market desires”. But these business engagement opportunities now appear in an environment significantly different from the German investor’s habitual home culture – and culture is a crucial factor of human resource management. The essential knowledge of the institutional, managerial and contextual nuances is the key-factor for an effective management of human resources and successful formation of multinational enterprises. This term paper provides the main aspects of HRM in Russia and Germany and an overview about the cultural context in which human resource management takes place. Further on it examines the key human resource issues and concerns of businesses operating in this transitional environment. Moreover, some of Russia’s HR specifics are analyzed and the most effective tools are presented for how to overcome the difficulties and how to succeed in doing business in Russia.
Whether economic sanctions work at all, and how they work if they do, are questions that have long been debated by scholars of international relations. Using a new analytic approach, which distinguishes between positive and negative sanctions and between specific and general sanctions, this book aims both to demonstrate the importance of economic linkage and to explain the variety of forms it can take. Deutsche Mark Diplomacy draws support for its theoretical arguments from a careful study of Germany's efforts to gain political leverage over Russia via economic means from 1870 into the 1990s. Focusing on two major powers over a long period, during which regimes changed and issues varied, Randall Newnham finds strong evidence to show that positive forms of linkage such as foreign aid and trade or credit incentives are more effective than negative types such as embargoes. His book significantly expands our understanding of the role played by economic sanctions in international politics at the same time that it offers a more systematic way of explaining German foreign policy.
This book is available as open access through the Bloomsbury Open Access programme and is available on www.bloomsburycollections.com. Having emerged from the end of the Cold War as a unified country, Germany has quickly become the second largest exporter in the world. Its economic might has made it the center of the Eurozone and the pivotal power of Europe. Like other geo-economic powers, Germany's foreign policy is characterized by a definition of the national interest in economic terms and the elevation of economic interests over non-economic values such as human rights or democracy promotion. This strategic paradigm is evident in German's relationship with China, the Gulf States and Europe, but it is most important in regard to its evolving policies towards Russia. In this book, Stephen F. Szabo provides a description and analysis of German policy towards Russia, revealing how unified Germany is finding its global role in which its interests do not always coincide with the United States or its European partners. He explores the role of German business and finance in the shaping of foreign policy and investigates how Germany's Russia policy effects its broader foreign policy in the region and at how it is perceived by key outside players such as the United States, Poland and the EU. With reference to public, opinion, the media and think tanks Szabo reveals how Germans perceive Russians, and he uncovers the ways in which its dealings with Russia affect Germany in terms of the importing of corruption and crime. Drawing on interviews with key opinion-shapers, business and financial players and policy makers and on a wide variety of public opinion surveys, media reports and archival sources, his will be a key resource for all those wishing to understand the new geo-economic balance of Europe.