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This brief presents a new approach to the study of bullying and prejudice in school settings, analyzing the particularities of these two forms of violence and relating them to the hierarchies that distinguish students based on academic performance and popularity. Analyzing data gathered by surveys carried out between 2010 and 2014 with 274 students from public schools of São Paulo, Brazil, the authors show that, despite bullying and prejudice are related, they have specific characteristics that need to be acknowledged in order to help educators develop more efficient initiatives to prevent them. Building upon the Critical Theory of Society – especially Adorno’s studies of authoritarian personality and school hierarchies – the authors develop a theoretical framework that helps researchers and educators to identify the particularities of bullying and prejudice and develop specific strategies to deal with them. In addition, the empirical and theoretical elements presented in the book show how these forms of violence are related to the two hierarchies that exist side by side in schools – the official hierarchy that distinguishes good and bad students based on their academic performance and the unofficial hierarchy characterized by the distinction between those who excel in dating, fighting, in team sports and those who do not excel in any of these activities. This innovative volume: • Argues that bullying and prejudice are different forms of school violence that demand different theoretical and practical approaches • Examines data gathered by surveys carried out with 274 students of public schools in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2010 and 2014 • Relates bullying and prejudice to the hierarchies that distinguish students based both on their academic performance and popularity • Analyzes the impact of factors such as autonomy from the school authority and the ideology of authoritarianism on bullying and prejudice • Presents strategies to fight bullying and prejudice in schools Bullying, Prejudice and School Performance: A New Approach is a useful and innovative tool for psychologists, educators, sociologists, school teachers and researchers in the fields of child and school psychology, educational psychology, sociology of education and related disciplines.
Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.
Bullying is a persistent problem that negatively affects the academic performance, and the psychological, social, and emotional well-being of targeted students. Research indicates most bullying is prejudice-based. Bullying and prejudice reduction interventions used in school systems encourage empathy towards the target student to reduce these behaviors, and current national and international interventions recommend focusing on bullies, targets (or victims), and bystanders. Interventions are conducted by individuals (trainers) trained to implement such programs, a model known as train-the-trainer. Teachers and pre-education majors usually volunteer to become trainers. Effectiveness of interventions may depend on the trainees' knowledge, empathy, and adherence to the program. Research reports that the impact of the training on the trainer significantly impacts its implementation and effectiveness. Yet, the impact of the training on the trainer is rarely the focus of research. The Bullying Amongst Diverse Populations (BADP) training was conducted to study its impact on the trainees. The results show the BADP training had an overall positive impact on participants' knowledge of and skills to respond to situations involving bullying and prejudice, sense of efficacy, and likelihood to intervene. Pre- and post-test assessments demonstrate reductions on prejudicial attitudes and increments in participants' defender roles. Implications for future research are discussed and implications for university and K-12 administrators, counselor educators, school counselors, and program coordinators of teacher education programs are also reviewed.
This book is devoted to the relation between bullying at school and ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and disability. In examining the interactions between bullying and discrimination, the authors set out from the premise that the current practice of intercultural education does not systematically address the issue of bullying, as evidenced by the lack, within schools, of intercultural education projects. The starting point for the work is a survey conducted in ten European countries on a sample of about 9,000 students including immigrants and natives. The research provides important information on which factors deserve special attention when formulating interventions in the classroom with the aim of preventing or combating discriminatory bullying. If intercultural education is called upon to handle the fight against any form of discrimination, it cannot shirk from addressing the issue of bullying discrimination. The results represent a sound, stimulating basis for broad and realistic reflections on discriminatory bullying and intercultural education, and show that intercultural pedagogy needs to be appropriately equipped theoretically. This book will be an indispensable tool for those seeking a thorough understanding of the new challenges facing intercultural education and the means of overcoming them. On that basis, innovative education practices should be developed with the aim of spreading a culture of non-violence and intercultural dialogue.
This edited volume captures an exciting new trend in research on intergroup attitudes and relations, which concerns how individuals make judgments, and interact with individuals from different group categories, broadly defined in terms of gender, race, age, culture, religion, sexual orientation, and body type. This new approach is an integrative perspective, one which draws on theory and research in the areas of developmental and social psychology. Throughout human history, intergroup conflict has often served as the basis for societal conflict, strife, and tension. Over the past several decades, individual and group mobility has enabled individuals to interact with a wider range of people from different backgrounds than ever before. On the one hand, this level of societal heterogeneity contributes to intergroup conflict. On the other hand, the experience of such heterogeneity has also reduced stereotypes, and increased an understanding of others' perspectives and experiences. Where does it begin? When do children acquire stereotypes about the other? What are the sources of influence, and how does change come about? To provide a deeper understanding of the origins, stability, and reduction of intergroup conflict, scholars in this volume report on current, cutting edge theory and new research findings. Progress in the area of intergroup attitudes relies on continued advances in both the understanding of the origins and the trajectory of intergroup conflict and harmony (as historically studied by developmental psychologists) and the understanding of contexts and conditions that contribute to positive and negative intergroup attitudes and relations (as historically studied by social psychologists). Recent social and developmental psychology research clarifies the multifaceted nature of prejudice and the need for an interdisciplinary approach to addressing prejudice. The recent blossoming of research on the integration of developmental and social psychology represented in this volume will appeal to scholars and students in the areas of developmental psychology, social psychology, cognitive psychology, education, social neuroscience, law, business, and political science.
Bullying Amongst University Students is a pioneering collection of knowledge and evidence exploring the under-researched phenomenon of bullying in universities. Abusive behaviour amongst young people is a serious and pervasive problem that is exacerbated by the rapid advances in electronic communication, and in this book the authors highlight the problem and proceed to facilitate new practices and policies to address it. This book brings together an international team of authors from a range of disciplines, encompassing education, psychology, criminology, law and counselling, who have carried out research in the area of university bullying. Addressing critical dialogues and debates, the authors explore peer on peer violence, intimidation and social exclusion before considering its effects on students and making recommendations for action and further research. Key topics include: Cyberbullying and cyber aggression Rape culture across the university Homophobic and transphobic bullying The impact of bullying on mental health The role of bully and victim across the lifespan Policies and procedures to address bullying International in authorship and scope, this book will be an invaluable resource for students and researchers in fields such as education, psychology, sociology, health studies and criminology. It is also essential reading for university policy-makers and union representatives responsible for the emotional and physical well-being of students.
WINNER OF A CORETTA SCOTT KING HONOR AND THE JANE ADDAMS PEACE AWARD! Each kindness makes the world a little better This unforgettable book is written and illustrated by the award-winning team that created The Other Side and the Caldecott Honor winner Coming On Home Soon. With its powerful anti-bullying message and striking art, it will resonate with readers long after they've put it down. Chloe and her friends won't play with the new girl, Maya. Every time Maya tries to join Chloe and her friends, they reject her. Eventually Maya stops coming to school. When Chloe's teacher gives a lesson about how even small acts of kindness can change the world, Chloe is stung by the lost opportunity for friendship, and thinks about how much better it could have been if she'd shown a little kindness toward Maya.
The Handbook of Bullying in Schools provides a comprehensive review and analysis of what is known about the worldwide bullying phenomena. It is the first volume to systematically review and integrate what is known about how cultural and regional issues affect bullying behaviour and its prevention. Key features include the following: Comprehensive – forty-one chapters bring together conceptual, methodological, and preventive findings from this loosely coupled field of study, thereby providing a long-needed centerpiece around which the field can continue to grow in an organized and interdisciplinary manner. International Focus – approximately forty-percent of the chapters deal with bullying assessment, prevention, and intervention efforts outside the USA. Chapter Structure – to provide continuity, chapter authors follow a common chapter structure: overview, conceptual foundations, specific issues or programs, and a review of current research and future research needs. Implications for Practice – a critical component of each chapter is a summary table outlining practical applications of the foregoing research. Expertise – the editors and contributors include leading researchers, teachers, and authors in the bullying field, most of whom are deeply connected to organizations studying bullying around the world.
Fried and Sosland bring their combined experiences together to present a blueprint to reduce the pain, rage and revenge cycle of bullying. Their strategies have been captured from hands-on interaction with educators, parents and students. Their premise comes from the apocryphal village that is being ravaged by dysentery. Do you treat each person for their intestinal disorders or do you put in a sewer system? Do you work with each individual student or do you change a culture that hosts cruelty. Can you do both? The core of the book is the Student Empowerment Session that has been crafted and refined over fifteen years. This carefully organized, powerful system of questions has effected dramatic changes in children's insights about their behavior. The book also explores topics which include cyberbullying, children with disabilities, 'mean girls,' teachers who are bullies, parents who refuse to accept that their children are bullies, and academic vs. social emotional learning concerns to help readers change the culture and banish bully behavior.