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Bullying has long been tolerated as a rite of passage among children and adolescents. There is an implication that individuals who are bullied must have "asked for" this type of treatment, or deserved it. Sometimes, even the child who is bullied begins to internalize this idea. For many years, there has been a general acceptance and collective shrug when it comes to a child or adolescent with greater social capital or power pushing around a child perceived as subordinate. But bullying is not developmentally appropriate; it should not be considered a normal part of the typical social grouping that occurs throughout a child's life. Although bullying behavior endures through generations, the milieu is changing. Historically, bulling has occurred at school, the physical setting in which most of childhood is centered and the primary source for peer group formation. In recent years, however, the physical setting is not the only place bullying is occurring. Technology allows for an entirely new type of digital electronic aggression, cyberbullying, which takes place through chat rooms, instant messaging, social media, and other forms of digital electronic communication. Composition of peer groups, shifting demographics, changing societal norms, and modern technology are contextual factors that must be considered to understand and effectively react to bullying in the United States. Youth are embedded in multiple contexts and each of these contexts interacts with individual characteristics of youth in ways that either exacerbate or attenuate the association between these individual characteristics and bullying perpetration or victimization. Recognizing that bullying behavior is a major public health problem that demands the concerted and coordinated time and attention of parents, educators and school administrators, health care providers, policy makers, families, and others concerned with the care of children, this report evaluates the state of the science on biological and psychosocial consequences of peer victimization and the risk and protective factors that either increase or decrease peer victimization behavior and consequences.
Bullying amongst young people is a serious and pervasive problem, and recent rapid advances in electronic communication technologies have provided even more tools for bullies to exploit. School Bullying and Mental Health collates current research evidence and theoretical perspectives about school bullying in one comprehensive volume, identifying the nature and extent of bullying and cyberbullying at school, as well as its impact on children and young people’s emotional health and well-being. There are many negative consequences of bullying, and children and young people who have been victimised often suffer long-term psychological problems, such as increased levels of anxiety, depressive symptoms, social isolation, loneliness and suicidal ideation. Perpetrators of bullying also have a heightened risk of experiencing problems such as anxiety and depression, as well as eating disorders and antisocial behaviour. Founded on rigorous academic research, this important book tackles the negative consequences of bullying, and bullying culture itself, by examining the social and cultural contexts that perpetuate such behaviour from childhood through adolescence and potentially into adulthood. Containing contributions from an international team of authors, this book explores current interventions to prevent and reduce school bullying and to alleviate its negative effects on the mental health of children and young people. In-depth discussion of the profound implications of this research for researchers, practitioners and policymakers makes this book essential reading for those interested in bullying culture and the mental health and well-being of children and adolescents.
Internet use (e.g., smartphone use, social media use) is ubiquitous in our daily lives and plays an increasingly important role in human well-being. Today’s adolescents and their parents spend significant amounts of time on technological devices, such as smartphones, especially during COVID-19. In this year, new research shows that nearly half of American teenagers say they use the Internet “almost constantly”, 95% of American teens have smartphones, and about 54% of teens said it would be “somewhat hard” to give up social media. Hence, further research on the relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being among children and adolescents is worth pursuing. At the same time, a new interest in this area of research is “parental technoference” which was defined as regular interruptions to real-time face-to-face communications, interactions, or time spent together among family members because of parental use of technology. Technoference has become a common phenomenon in many families with children, and evidence has been identified that extended parental time on technological devices (e.g., smartphones) could have negative effects on parent-child relationships and children’s wellbeing. For example, parental phubbing is regarded as a typical parental technoference, and this term is used widely in some countries around the world, which has been demonstrated to be detrimental to their children’s developmental outcomes and cause various psychological health problems.
This book provides a much-needed analysis of the current research in the global epidemic of electronic bullying. Scholars and professionals from the Americas, Europe, and Asia offer data, insights, and solutions, acknowledging both the social psychology and technological contexts underlying cyberbullying phenomena. Contributors address questions that are just beginning to emerge as well as longstanding issues concerning family and gender dynamics, and provide evidence-based prevention and intervention strategies for school and home. The global nature of the book reflects not only the scope and severity of cyberbullying, but also the tenacity of efforts to control and eradicate the problem. Included in the coverage: • Gender issues and cyberbullying in children and adolescents: from gender differences to gender identity measures. • Family relationships and cyberbullying. • Examining the incremental impact of cyberbullying on outcomes over and above traditional bullying in North America. • A review of cyberbullying and education issues in Latin America. • Cyberbullying prevention from child and youth literature. • Cyberbullying and restorative justice. Cyberbullying across the Globe is an essential resource for researchers, graduate students, and other professionals in child and school psychology, public health, social work and counseling, educational policy, and family advocacy.
In 2010, the International Cyberbullying Think Tank was held in order to discuss questions of definition, measurement, and methodologies related to cyberbullying research. This book is the product of their meetings and provides researchers with a clear set of principles to inform their work on cyberbullying.
School bullying and cyberbullying are widely recognized as an international problem, but publications have focused on the western tradition of research. In India, recognition of these issues and research on the topics have been emerging in recent years. Beginning with cross-cultural differences across Indian, European and Australian contexts, this volume provides direct empirical comparisons between western and Indian situations. It then discusses innovative ways of hearing the views of students, pre-service teachers and teachers, featuring a range of qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The concluding commentaries from North American investigators provide a further international perspective from another region where much progress in researching these areas has been made. Together this ground-breaking collection comprises contributions from four continents on the prevalent issues of bullying, cyberbullying and student well-being.
This volume explores cyberbullying and its impact on young people in schools in detail. It investigates social and emotional resilience and wellbeing in relation to developing protective factors against the impacts of cyberbullying and contains a range of perspectives to deal positively with cyberbullying as well as a summary of international research. Cyberbullying occurs when any means of technology is used to repeatedly and deliberately engage in bullying behaviours with the intent to cause harm to others. Although anyone can be affected, young people who are also being bullied offline are more likely to be the target of cyberbullying. Forms of cyberbullying include: • abusive texts and emails • posting messages or images • imitating and excluding others online • inappropriate image tagging. Cyberbullying differs from face-to-face bullying. • a sense of anonymity for those who bully • can occur 24/7 and is invasive • can have a large audience • difficult to delete comments and images.
Bullying affects the lives of many children: some are victims, some take part in bullying others, and many are, to a greater or lesser extent, onlookers or witnesses of bullying behaviours. Usually seen as something that happens in schools and amongst peers, the advent of cyberbullying by mobile phones and via the internet, primarily in this century, has seen cases of bullying increase and traditional forms of the behaviour evolve. This book considers the effects of bullying and cyberbullying on children. It looks at the different roles that are present within bullying and the different effects that it can have on a child’s development of psychosomatic problems, self-esteem, friends and loneliness, school satisfaction, and family relations. It focuses on several key aspects of this type of intimidation and considers topics including traditional bullying, the situation of immigrant children in relation to bullying and victimization, cyberbullying in young people, and emotional and behavioural correlates of cyberbullying. This book was originally published as a special issue of Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties.