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In this book it is aimed to examine the brownfields through all dimesions it is included. Brownfield redevelopment is acknowledged as one of the major tools to achieve development which is sustainable. The complex phenomenon of brownfield redevelopment requires analyzing the issue with a comprehensive perspective in relation with historical, environmental, social, economic, institutional and legal dimensions. This book tries to take a picture of brownfields redevelopment in US with particular focus on Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and to determine the main obstacles in Turkey in brownfields redevelopment, the essential policies and strategies which can be transferred from Western countries' experiences and the essential steps which must be taken at the early stages of deindustrialization and decentralization for Turkey.
Brownfield redevelopment is becoming a major planning issue with its environmental, social, economic, and spatial dimensions all around the world. As the attempts to manage the risks and costs associated with brownfields improve and the perception and awareness through the society increases, more stakeholders are put effort to achieve a broader range of environmental, social, and economic objectives under the concept of sustainable development. Since the mid-1980s, sustainable development has become widely discussed approach for integrating environmental needs with economic and social ones in human development. In this context, brownfields left over from industrialization provide an opportunity to address sustainable developments through urban planning approaches. As a result of the emergence of the sustainable development and brownfield regeneration agendas, there has been increased debate over the concept of "sustainable brownfield regeneration." Turkey has relatively a short history of industrialization; thus, brownfields are a new phenomenon which started to occur in the middle of 1980s. The brownfield policies in Turkey, generally discussed in context with urbanization and heritage preservation. However, their appearance and redevelopment have much related with the privatization and neoliberal policies which have had great effects in the country economic and social structure. Besides, EU candidacy have stimulated the compliance of Turkish legislation to the European standards since the beginning of last decade. Environmental and historical preservation and administrative decentralization constitute the significant subjects related to brownfields redevelopment. Cities in Turkey struggle with many economic, social, environmental, and politic problems. At this point, brownfields represent opportunities in order to obtain sustainability and increase the living standards especially in urban areas. This work aims to put forward the brownfield related policies in Turkey and to determine the main obstacles in brownfields redevelopment, the essential policies and strategies which can be transferred from Western countries experience and the essential steps which must be taken at the early stages of deindustrialization and decentralization for Turkey in context with sustainable urbanization.
The rapid urbanization that began with industrialization has begun to cause many problems. New approaches are emerging today to minimize these problems and make urban areas more livable. These problems include insufficient social facilities in urban areas for increasing populations due to migration and unbalanced use of green areas, water, and energy resources due to urbanization. Careless consumption and the pollution of natural resources will cause people many more problems in the future than they do today in urban development. Many professional disciplines have noticed this unbalanced development in urban areas. Urban areas have larger populations than rural areas today. Urban areas are developed neglectfully. Sustainability is needed as a criterion for urban areas to develop in a more livable and healthy fashion. Sustainable urban development approaches are seen in many fields, ranging from land use to the use of natural resources in urban areas.
Expanding the primarily expert-driven and site-specific efforts to solve brownfield problems, this thesis develops a process framework for planners and developers to organize the brownfield redevelopment process through strategy formulation based on a site-context relationship with interacting social, economic, and ecological factors. This thesis explores the theory and practice associated with brownfield redevelopment and, through a broader perspective, postindustrial landscape reclamation. Key issues and ingredients for success in the brownfield redevelopment process are distilled from the investigation of two case studies, one of which is Nine Mile Run in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The process framework's design serves to recreate the general project context and scope represented by Nine Mile Run and promotes integrative planning and restorative redevelopment practice that augments brownfield redevelopment activity.
In urban planning, a brownfield is a former industrial or commercial site where environmental contamination hinders development. They exist in almost every community--there is probably one in your neighborhood--and state or federal resources can be used to facilitate assessment, cleanup and reuse. Drawing on a range of local and international experiences, this collection of essays focuses on cases where citizens, nonprofits, developers, cities, and state and federal agencies overcame challenges and mitigated risks to redevelop brownfields using leading-edge practices and simple innovations. The Covid-19 pandemic and mass civil unrest of 2020 underscores the importance of health and social justice considerations in future development initiatives.
Brownfield developments offer cities and developers an opportunity to engage with the public in ways unavailable to greenfield developments as brownfield redevelopments are generally found in established neighborhoods where the site's history has been deeply intertwined with the history of the neighborhood. However, the levels of public participation vary widely from state to state, city to city, and even project to project; resulting in an array of positive and negative outcomes for all the stakeholders. It is under these varying participatory requirements and engagement strategies this research is grounded. First, the research addresses how varying levels of public participation affect stakeholders' definitions of success or failure and how it was measured. Secondly, stakeholder's perceptions of each other are analyzed to determine whether projects that had higher levels of participation also had higher instances of cooperation and collaboration. Thirdly, the research examines how stakeholders perceive the outputs and outcomes of a project and whether varying levels of participation affect stakeholders' satisfaction with the project. Specific sites for this research were the Summerset at Frick Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the Watershed at Hillsdale, Portland, Oregon, the Alta Design District, Dallas, Texas, and Montgomery Plaza, Fort Worth, Texas.
Brownfields are becoming more prevalent among our urban landscape. Due to a shift from industry to service oriented business, acres of land have been left vacant with the possibility of reuse. Noting that this land still possessed some value, governments across the globe began to redevelop these areas as not only lots for new businesses, but residential use as well. In some parts of the world this has been very successful while in others, failure has tarnished the hopes of urban revitalization. In the late 1980s until 1998, the City of Buffalo built and rebuilt homes in Hickory Woods, a neighborhood adjacent to the LTV Steel State Superfund Site. With no regard to soil or water testing, Buffalo went ahead and created a community that was intended to revitalize the area. However, this plan went awry when a construction crew discovered a black tarry substance seeping from the ground. Immediately construction was halted and both the New York State Department of Health and the United States Environmental Protection Agency were called to the site, later to determine that the area was safe for residents. Currently, residents anger and concern has triggered the City of Buffalo to explore the possibility of buying out residents affected, paying them fair market value for their homes. However, a settlement has yet to be determined. It is hypothesized that inadequate planning resulted in the problems that occurred in the Hickory Woods neighborhood. If this assumption is correct, was this inadequate planning the result of oversight or due to established regulations and policies? This will lead into a discussion of possible alterations to the plan used for establishment of Hickory Woods. From this, remedies and solutions to the problems at Hickory Woods will be proposed.