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Multicolour Illustrative Edition Botany For Degree Students Gymnosperms For Degree Students
The present book is for B.Sc(I) yr, strictly based on UGC Model syllabus for all Indian Universities. Each unit or chapter as the case may be is followed by various types of questions, such as very short, short, long answer questions, digrammatic questions and multiple choice questions, asked repeatedly questions have been included.
For Degree Level Students
For Degree Level Students
This textbook has been designed to meet the needs of B.Sc. Second Semester students of Botany as per Common Minimum Syllabus prescribed for all Uttarakhand State Universities and Colleges under the recommended National Education Policy 2020. This textbook comprehensively covers the theoretical and practical aspect of the paper Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. The theory part of the text introduces the students to develop an understanding of morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms. It also discusses the origin of angiosperms along with their phylogeny and classification in details. Furthermore, taxonomy of plant families has been discussed in systematic manner. Practical part provides a strong conceptual understanding of the subject, it also helps in developing scientific outlook of the student.
This book is contain Pteridophyta,Gymnosperms and Palaeobotany compilation work and embodies a fairly comprehensive treatment of the fundamental facts and aspects of the subject. This book will serve as an introduction to Botany to the beginners in this field.
A fungus is a eukaryote microbe that absorbs nutrients directly through its cell walls from the host / substrate and digests food. Most fungi reproduce sexually and by asexual spores. They have a body (thallus) composed of microscopic tubular cells called hyphae. Fungi are heterotrophs and obtain their carbon and energy from other organisms. Some fungi are parasites and obtain their food from a living host (plant or animal) and hence they are called biotrophs. Some fungi are growing as saprophytes and obtain their food from dead plants or animals. Some fungi infect a living host, but kill host cells in order to obtain their nutrients; these are called necrotrophs. Fungi were once considered to be primitive members of the plant kingdom and are slightly more advanced than bacteria. Fungi are more closely related to animals than they are to plants.