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Peter B. Doeringer Many of our approaches to education and training date back to the nine teenth and early twentieth centuries. Since that time, the skills and abilities demanded by the economy have undergone far greater change than have our training arrangements. Moreover, our ambitions for what can be ac complished through education and training policy have also increased. Not only do we expect that such policies should meet the skill needs of the na tion, but also we ask that they playa role in equalizing economic oppor tunity and in promoting greater well-being among workers. In accordance with its mandate to increase understanding of educational processes and educational policy, the National Institute of Education (NIB) sponsored a two-day workshop in June of 1979 to examine work place perspectives on education and training policy. The workshop brought together a group of employer and trade union representatives, education and training specialists, policy analysts, and government officials to discuss research and policy questions raised by training activities at the workplace. As one might expect, the discussion ranged widely and reflected many viewpoints on the relationship between education and work. Among the participants there was consensus neither as to what should be done nor 2 PETER B. DOER INGER even as to what were the most important gaps in our knowledge about the workings of the education and training system. The discussion was helpful, however, in drawing attention to the workplace as a significant and too often neglected component of this system.
In February 1979, I wrote to the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation seeking sup port for the Aspen Institute for Humanistic Studies to embark on a policy oriented program in vocational education. The reason for the request, which was generously granted by the foundation, was stated as follows: The federal program on vocational education dates from World War I. Impor tant changes were made in later legislation in 1963 and 1976, affecting the pro grams conducted by the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. The recently enacted Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA) of the Department of Labor has brought large federal support to efforts to reduce unemployment, especially for youth, by providing preparatory training. It may be an understatement to report that the programs of these two government departments have lacked adequate coordination in Washington or in the field. Certainly there is a long way to go in improving both policy and program, and an opportunity presents itself in preparing the policies to be proposed to the Con gress when the vocational education program next comes up for reconsideration in 1980 and 1981. Responsibility for preparing the administration's position and recom mendations lies with the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation of HEW, Michael O'Keefe.
Dubin (economics, California Institute of Technology) presents nine previously unpublished studies in applied economics. Themes range widely. They include the demand for NFL football, the valuation of a technology patent, a statistical analysis of the additive and multiplicative hypotheses of multiple exposure synergy for cohort and case-controlled studies, concentration and competition in the chemotherapy drug market, the allocation of police services in rural Alaska, and financial market reaction to the fast food hamburger health scare of 1993. Emphasis is placed on applications, but attention is also given to the econometric and statistical issues for more advanced readers. c. Book News Inc.
A calculation of the social returns to innovation /Benjamin F. Jones and Lawrence H. Summers --Innovation and human capital policy /John Van Reenen --Immigration policy levers for US innovation and start-ups /Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr --Scientific grant funding /Pierre Azoulay and Danielle Li --Tax policy for innovation /Bronwyn H. Hall --Taxation and innovation: what do we know? /Ufuk Akcigit and Stefanie Stantcheva --Government incentives for entrepreneurship /Josh Lerner.
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A companion volume to Basic Economics discusses the application of economics to such world problems as medical care, discrimination, and the development of nations, examining economic policies in terms of their immediate and longer-term repercussions.