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The Association Internationale de Recherche sur la Circulation Osseuse, A.R.C.O., was founded in London in December 1989 by a small group of doctors, surgeons and researchers in basic sciences who had been involved for many years in the study of bone circulation and its disorders. They had met several times in Toulouse, during the International Symposia on Bone Circulation held there since 1973 and they wished to carry their contacts further. In founding A.R.C.O., they established as their primary aims the encouragement and furtherance of research, organisation of meetings and promotion of knowledge on the subject. At the present time, the Association has over a hundred members from more than bone tissue twenty countries in Europe, America and Asia. All have the conviction that and its pathology can only be truly known and studied if one has an understanding of its vascular system and the way its circulation functions. This concept, apparently beyond question, has not yet been adopted by all physicians and scientists who are interested in bone. From time to time, one comes across teaching programmes on bone patho logy which make no mention of bone circulation.
The topic of bone circulation is relatively new and has developed very quickly in the past 20 years; this book reports on the most recent progress since 1982. The chapters discuss the anatomy of bone vascularization, the physiology of vascular regulation, the histopathology of microcirculation and osteonecrosis, experimental studies on bone-blood flow, experimental surgery, methods of exploration, vascular studies of grafts and bone transfer, and surgical and conservative treatment. New developments are given on blood-bone barrier, effect of PGE2 on blood-bone flow, laser Doppler flowmetry, microcirculation and demineralization, vascular repair in osteotomy and fracture, bone arteriography, angioscintigraphy, Ilizarov's technique, and therapeutic aspects of lipid-clearing agents.
This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Blood Supply of Bone: Scientific Aspects provides a comprehensive description of the development and physiology of blood supply to the skeleton. Investigative techniques for different types of bone in the body are discussed and the effects of disturbed circulation and the vascular control of osteogenesis is described. This highly illustrated and authoritative volume contains much revised material and many new illustrations reflecting 25 years of advances in this research field since the publication of its well-known precursor in 1971. The wealth of information will not only be invaluable to orthopaedic surgeons, rheumatologists, and radiologists but also pathologists, sports medicine specialists and bone metabolism research workers.
This book focuses on the internal fixation of long bones by using intramedullary locked nails in a closed technique. Intramedullary fixation fulfils the biological requirements for fracture healing and minimises surgical trauma. The text illustrates the use and relevance of this technique in orthopaedic and trauma surgery including reconstructive surgery, covering the basic scientific principles of reaming and locking as well as basic and advanced surgical techniques. Prevention of complications and complication management are also discussed in detail, making it an ideal text for those with an interest in the proper use the techniques described.
The authoritative reference to bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism, revised and updated Now in its ninth edition, The Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism offers an updated and comprehensive guide to bone and mineral health. Since it was first published 30 years ago, the Primer has become the leading reference on the topic. With contributions from noted experts, the text explores basic biological factors of healthy development and disease states and makes the information accessible for clinical interventions. The ninth edition provides concise coverage of the widest possible spectrum of metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. The new edition of this invaluable reference expands coverage and includes the most recent developments in the field that help to strengthen its usefulness and ensure that the Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism maintains its place as the pre-eminent reference on bone and mineral health. This vital resource: Provides the most accurate, up-to-date evidence-based information on basic and clinical bone science Includes more than 10 new chapters and contributions from 300 authors from wide-ranging international research centers Captures the very cutting edge of research covering mineral homeostasis, osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases, skeletal measurement technologies, and genetics Presents a new companion website with useful supplementary materials at www.asbmrprimer.com Written for advanced students, clinicians, and researchers working in the field of bone health and disease, Primer on the Metabolic Bone Diseases and Disorders of Mineral Metabolism is the definitive, one-stop reference for anyone working in the field of bone health and disease.
The placenta is an organ that connects the developing fetus to the uterine wall, thereby allowing nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange via the mother's blood supply. Proper vascular development in the placenta is fundamental to ensuring a healthy fetus and successful pregnancy. This book provides an up-to-date summary and synthesis of knowledge regarding placental vascular biology and discusses the relevance of this vascular bed to the functions of the human placenta.
Osteonecrosis is a disease caused by reduced blood flow to bones in the joints, including the hip, knee, shoulder, and ankle. The disease, which is usually progressive and leads to joint failure, occurs in young adults aged from their twenties to their fifties. The pathogenesis of osteonecrosis is still unclear, and treatment remains controversial. This textbook provides up-to-date and comprehensive information on the pathophysiology, etiology, diagnosis, classification, and treatment of osteonecrosis. The role of various imaging modalities is considered, and both non-surgical and surgical treatment approaches are clearly explained. The contributions, all from experts in the field, are based on presentations at leading international meetings during the past 10 years and on peer-reviewed papers. The book will be of interest not only to clinical practitioners but also to those engaged in basic research.