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The results of a series of tests on a variety of high strength cementitious composites yield a model from which an empirical equation of general normalized pull-out stress vs. pull-out displacement relationship is developed. A new variable named the "Brittleness Index" is defined and used in the proposed equation. Additionally, the concept of maximum strain is used to predict the fatigue life of high strength concrete. Three sizes of deformed bars and two types of steel fibers with four different volume fractions were used to observe bond-slip and pull-out characteristics of high strength concrete. The results indicate that the maximum slippage of deformed bars is only about 10 of that observed in normal concrete. Consequently, the required development length may have to be longer for high strength concrete members as compared to normal concrete. For the fatigue characteristics study, standard 3x6 in. cylinders were tested at the rates of 6 and 12 Hz. in a closed-loop load-controlled system. The results show that as the compressive strength of the composites increases from 4000 to 11000 psi., the fatigue strength increases by 17 percents. The rate of loading does not significantly affect the S-N relationship, fatigue strength and fatigue limit of the high strength cement-based composites. The S-N curves of high strength concrete shows a faster decay rate than those of normal concrete. The maximum strain at any cycle under cyclic loading is always less than the maximum strain at failure under monotonic loading. Also observed is that the maximum strain-cycle relationship is linear. These results indicate that the design code for flexure of normal concrete cannot be applied to high strength concrete.
This state-of-the-art report summarizes the results of an extensive search and review of available literature on the mechanical properties of concrete, with particular reference to high performance concrete for highway applications. Included in the review and discussion are the behavior of plastic concrete as well as the strength and deformation characteristics of hardened concrete. Both short-term and long-term effects are considered. Based on the review of the available information, research needs are identified. It is concluded that much research is needed to develop data on the strength and durability properties of concrete which develops high strength, particularly very early strength.
This practical book from a highly experienced author presents clearly the means and methods for designing, producing and using high-strength concrete. High-strength concrete offers many benefits. Higher compressive strengths allow for a reduction in the cross-sectional dimensions of columns and walls in buildings. Its greater stiffness allows for increasing building heights while controlling sway and occupant comfort. Civil structures such as bridges have benefited from greater span lengths, shallower beam sections, wider girder spacing, and extended service life. Illustrated with real life examples, through documented case histories, High-Strength Concrete will be a valuable resource for contractors, producers, inspection agencies, as well as engineers and researchers.
"In the research project presented in this PhD-thesis, an innovative type of fibre concrete is developed, with improved both the tensile strength and the ductility: the Hybrid-Fibre Concrete (HFC). The expression "Hybrid" refers to the "hybridisation" of fibres: short and long steel fibres were combined together in one concrete mixture. This is opposite to conventional steel fibre concretes, which contain only one type of fibre. The basic goal of combining short and long fibres is from one side to improve the tensile strength by the action of short fibres, and from the other side to improve the ductility by the action of long fibres." "In this research project, all important aspects needed for the development and application of Hybrid-Fibre Concrete have been considered. In total 15 mixtures, with different types and amounts of steel fibres were developed and tested in the fresh state (workability) as well as in the hardened state (uniaxial tensile tests, flexural tests, pullout tests of single fibres and compressive tests). A new analytical model for bridging of cracks by fibres was developed and successfully implemented for tensile softening response of HFC. At the end, the utilisation of HFC in the engineering practice was discussed, including a case-study on light prestressed long-span beams made of HFC."--BOOK JACKET.
This book presents the results of a Japanese national research project carried out in 1988-1993, usually referred to as the New RC Project. Developing advanced reinforced concrete building structures with high strength and high quality materials under its auspices, the project aimed at promoting construction of highrise reinforced concrete buildings in highly seismic areas such as Japan. The project covered all the aspects of reinforced concrete structures, namely materials, structural elements, structural design, construction, and feasibility studies. In addition to presenting these results, the book includes two chapters giving an elementary explanation of modern analytical techniques, i.e. finite element analysis and earthquake response analysis.
High performance concrete is used in almost all big construction projects, including towering office and residential buildings, bridges, tunnels, and motorways. This book assists professionals in understanding the performance characteristics of various construction materials when deciding which type of concrete to utilize for certain projects. A comprehensive analysis of the rapidly evolving issue of high performance concrete (HPC) by one of the field's major researchers. It covers every area of HPC, from materials and characteristics to building and testing. The book will be useful for all concrete technologists & construction engineers who want to take use of the material's excellent characteristics.