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Designed in an exam format, with questions to be answered in three hours, this practice paper helps candidates prepare for their NPPF Step Two Legal Examination (formerly OSPRE® Part I). Questions are presented in the Type A exam-style and answers are fully referenced to the official syllabus in Blackstone's Police Manuals 2021.
Crime in the United States has fluctuated considerably over the past thirty years, as have the policy approaches to deal with it. During this time, criminologists and other scholars have helped to shed light on the roles of incarceration, prevention, drugs, guns, policing, and numerous other aspects to crime control. Yet the latest research is rarely heard in public discussions and is often missing from the desks of policymakers. This book summarizes the latest scientific information on the causes of crime and the evidence about what does and does not work to control it. As with previous editions, each essay reviews the existing literature, discusses the methodological rigor of the studies, identifies what policies and programs the studies suggest, and then points to policies now implemented that fail to reflect the evidence. The chapters cover the principle institutions of the criminal justice system (juvenile justice, police, prisons, probation and parole, sentencing), how broader aspects of social life inhibit or encourage crime (biology, schools, families, communities), and topics currently generating a great deal of attention (criminal activities of gangs, sex offenders, prisoner reentry, changing crime rates).
The only official books for police officers preparing for the NPPF Step Two Legal Examination containing the syllabus on which the examinations are based. Endorsed by the College of Policing, these are the most effective revision books for exam candidates.
A brilliant work from the most influential philosopher since Sartre. In this indispensable work, a brilliant thinker suggests that such vaunted reforms as the abolition of torture and the emergence of the modern penitentiary have merely shifted the focus of punishment from the prisoner's body to his soul.
The only official source for police officers of the full syllabus for the NPPF Step Two Legal Examination. Exclusively endorsed by the College of Policing, Blackstone's Police Manuals are the most effective revision guides for exam candidates.
A fireman in charge of burning books meets a revolutionary school teacher who dares to read. Depicts a future world in which all printed reading material is burned.
Blackstone's Police Manuals are the leading police reference texts in the UK. In addition to being the only official study guides for the police promotion examinations in England and Wales, and a recognized text for student police officers, the Manuals have quickly established themselves as the definitive reference source for all who are involved in police law and procedure. Endorsed by Centrex for OSPRER Part 1 Promotion Examinations, the Manuals have been written in consultation with police forces across England and Wales. Blackstone's Police Manual Volume 4: General Police Duties 2007 covers all aspects of General Police Duties from a police officer's perspective. The 2007 edition has been extensively revised to incorporate all recent legislative developments and a number of case decisions and changes in policy including the Serious Organized Crime and Police Act 2005 (SOCPA), the updates to the PACE Codes of Practice, the Gambling Act 2005, the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005, the Racial and Religious Hatred Act 2006 and the Terrorism Act 2006. Also covers the Police (Amendment) Regulations 2005 and the Police (Complaints and Misconduct) Regulations Mandatory Referrals to the IPCC and the new Neighbourhoods and Street Wardens schemes. The Manuals are widely used in the professional development of police officers in a variety of roles, making them essential reading for anyone with an interest in police and criminal law. Whether you are a serving police officer or police trainer, a practitioner, advisor or researcher, Blackstone's Police Manuals 2007 are an essential purchase. The other three titles in this series are: Volume 1: Crime 2007, Volume 2: Evidence & Procedure 2007and Volume 3: Roads Policing 2007.
The proper construction of co-perpetration responsibility in international criminal law has become one of the most enduring controversies in this field, with the UN Tribunals endorsing the theory of joint criminal enterprise, and the International Criminal Court adopting the alternative joint control over the crime theory to define this mode of liability. This book seeks to reconcile the ICTY/R’s and ICC’s jurisprudence by providing a definition of co-perpetration that could be uniformly applied in the two justice models that these institutions represent: the ad hoc- and the treaty-based model. An evaluation framework is adopted, pursuant to which the origins, merits and deficiencies of the said competing theories are critically assessed, and a refined legal framework of co-perpetration responsibility is proposed.