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Results of a questionnaire returned by 337 wildlife and agricultural specialists in 25 States indicated that losses of corn sprouts to birds in 1971 may have been a $6 million, and possibly a $49 million problem. The southeastern and mid-Atlantic States were experiencing the most serious problems, and common grackles (Quiscalus quiscala) appeared to be the most important species involved. Shooting, poisoning, and the use of repellents and exploders were the most common methods used in alleviating the problem. Most respondents recognized that corn sprout pulling was related to breeding and loafing cover for birds and t o various agricultural practices.
Results of a questionnaire returned by 375 wildlife and agricultural specialists and grape growers throughout the United States indicated that bird damage to grapes was at least $4.4 million in 1972. The loss in California alone was probably more than 3.7 million. Grapes of various varieties were grown on over 645,600 acres in 13 States. California contained about 85% of the total U.S. acreage and accounted for about 90% of the total U.S. production. Respondents reported that bird damage was generally a serious problem in one State, a moderated problem in three States, a slight to moderate problem in seven States, and a slight problem in two States. Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), sparrows (species undetermined), and finches (Carpodacus spp.) were the most important damaging species, but robins (Turdus migratorius), bluebirds (Silia spp.), and waxwings (Bombycilla spp.) were locally important. Exploders, shooting, electronic sound devices, trapping, and various poisons were listed as the most effective and frequently-used control methods, however, most respondents felt that available control methods are inadequate.
February issue includes Appendix entitled Directory of United States Government periodicals and subscription publications; September issue includes List of depository libraries; June and December issues include semiannual index
Shortlisted for the 2018 TWS Wildlife Publication Awards in the edited book category The various species of new world blackbirds, often intermingled in large foraging flocks and nighttime roosts, collectively number in the hundreds of millions and are a dominant component of the natural and agricultural avifauna in North America today. Because of their abundance, conspicuous flocking behavior, and feeding habits, these species have often been in conflict with human endeavors. The pioneering publications on blackbirds were by F. E. L. Beal in 1900 and A. A. Allen in 1914. These seminal treatises laid the foundation for more than 1,000 descriptive and experimental studies on the life histories of blackbirds as well as their ecology and management in relation to agricultural damage and other conflicts such as caused by large winter roosting congregations. The wealth of information generated in over a century of research is found in disparate outlets that include government reports, conference proceedings, peer-reviewed journals, monographs, and books. For the first time, Ecology and Management of Blackbirds (Icteridae) in North America summarizes and synthesizes this vast body of information on the biology and life histories of blackbirds and their conflicts with humans into a single volume for researchers, wildlife managers, agriculturists, disease biologists, ornithologists, policy makers, and the public. The book reviews the life histories of red-winged blackbirds, yellow-headed blackbirds, common grackles, and brown-headed cowbirds. It provides in-depth coverage of the functional roles of blackbirds in natural and agricultural ecosystems. In doing so, this authoritative reference promotes the development of improved science-based, integrated management strategies to address conflicts when resolutions are needed.